Systematic Review & Meta Analysis Flashcards
This refer to data that has come direct from the direct results of experiments or research.
Primary sources
This type of source include second party analysis, summaries, synopsis, evidence synthesis, systematic reviews, meta- analyses
Secondary sources
RCTs sometimes fail to give a clear result, or results from multiple studies may yield
different estimates of treatment effect.
Every health practitioner in training knows the old saying:
“For every study cited, an equal and opposite study can be found.”
How to overcome this problem?
By identifying, quality appraising and synthesising
given clinical area (all published information in a pooling the results in a statistically
systematic review) and treatment effect.
What is a systematic review according to Cochrane ?
‘’A systematic review is a high
level overview of primary research on a particular research question that
attempts to identify, appraise and synthesise all the empirical evidence that meets pre
specified
eligibility criteria to answer a given research question.’’
Types of SR?
- Effectiveness Reviews
- Qualitative Reviews
- Costs/Economics Reviews
- Prevalence or Incidence Reviews 5. Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews 6. Aetiology and Risk Reviews
What type of review:
Focus on analysing human experiences and cultural and social phenomena
• It ‘looks for “themes” or “constructs” that lie in or across individual qualitative studies.
• Exploring and explaining why interventions are or are not effective from a person-centred perspective.
• Exploring why an intervention is not adopted in spite of evidence of its effectiveness (or, conversely, why certain practices are ingrained despite them not being effective)
• Provide information on the patient’s experience, enabling the health professional to better understand and interact with patients
• May lead to the development of a new theory, an overarching “narrative”, a wider generalization or an “interpretative translation”.
Qualitative review
What makes a review Systematic?
- Clearly articulated objectives and questions
- Inclusion and exclusion criteria, stipulated a priori (in the
protocol) - Comprehensive search to identify all relevant studies (published and/or unpublished)
- Critical appraisal of the included studies
- Analysis of data from the included studies
- Presentation and synthesis of the findings extracted (with or without meta-analysis)
- Transparent reporting of the methodology and methods used to conduct the review
- Periodical update
What are the second ions in Systematic Revuew articles?
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusions
What are the steps involved in systematic review?
- Formulating a structured review question
- Defining inclusion and exclusion criteria
- Planning methods a priori (protocol)
- Locating studies through searching
- Selecting studies for inclusion (apply step 2)
- Extracting data
- Assessing the quality of studies
- Analysing and synthesising the relevant studies
- Presenting and interpreting the results
- Establishing certainty in the body of evidence
PICO format
Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
PPC format
Population
Phenomenon
Context
PEO format
Population
Exposure
Outcome
SPIDER format
Sample
Phenomenon
Design
Evaluation
Research type
Which Boolean operator is used:
Connecting terms
with … results in articles that include one term, a combination of terms, or all of the terms. This broadens your search
OR
Which Boolean operator is used:
Connecting terms
with … requires all terms to appear in the same article. This narrows your search.
AND
