Systematic carbon chemistry

Question 1

Describe the terms saturated and unsaturated

Answer 1

Saturated compounds only contain C-C single bonds.

Unsaturated compounds contain at least one C=C double bond.

Question 2

Describe an addition reaction

Answer 2

Hydrogenation - reaction between an alkene and H2 forming an alkane.

Hydration - reaction between an alkene and water forming an alcohol.

Alkenes reacting with halogens forming dihaloalkanes

Question 3

Describe the test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated compounds

Answer 3

If a compound is unsaturated it will decolourise bromine water.

Question 4

Describe the term isomer and draw isomers when given a molecular formula

Answer 4

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Question 5

Predict and explain the solubility, boiling point and volatility of a compound

Answer 5

The bigger the compound, the less soluble they are, the higher the boiling point and the volatility decreases.

Boiling point increases as the compounds increase in size due to stronger LDFs (and even higher when Hydrogen bonding or Pd-Pd interactions are present).

Polar and ionic compounds tend to be soluble in polar solvents.

Volatility (measure of the ease of evaporation) is affected by intermolecular forces present.