Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PALS > Systematic Approach to the Seriously Ill or Injured Child > Flashcards

Systematic Approach to the Seriously Ill or Injured Child Flashcards

1
Q

Most cardiac arrests in infants and children result from

A

1) Progressive respiratory failure 2) Shock 3) Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In the out-of-hospital setting, only ___% of children who experience cardiac arrest survive to hospital discharge

A

4-13%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If cardiac arrest occurred at the hospital, ___% survive to hospital discharge

A

33%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Parameters to assess to make an initial impression

A

1) Consciousness 2) Breathing 3) Color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Start CPR even if there is a pulse if the rate is ___

A

Less than 60/min with poor perfusion despite oxygenation and ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Components of primary assessment

A

ABCDE: Airway, breathing, circulation, disability,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Components of secondary assessment

A

Focused medical history and focused PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Measures to open and maintain a patent upper airway

A

1) Allow child to assume position of comfort 2) Head tilt-chin lift or jaw thrust 3) Foreign body airway obstruction relief techniques 4) Airway adjuncts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Measure of choice in opening and maintaining upper airway in a patient with suspected cervical spine injury

A

Jaw thrust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Technique to relieve foreign body obstruction in children less than 1 y/o

A

5 back slaps, 5 chest thrusts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Technique to relieve foreign body obstruction in children 1 y/o or older

A

Abdominal thrusts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normal RR: Less than 1 year

A

30-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal RR: Toddler (1-3 years)

A

24-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Normal RR: Preschooler (4-5 years)

A

22-34

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Normal RR: School age (6-12 years)

A

18-30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Normal RR: Adolescent (13-18 years)

A

12-16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Often the first sign of respiratory distress in infants

A

Tachypnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define apnea

A

Cessation of breathing for at least 20 seconds or less than 20 seconds if accompanied by 1) bradycardia 2) cyanosis 3) pallor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Classifications of apnea

A

1) Central 2) Obstructive 3) Mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Refers to inspiratory effort without airflow

A

Obstructive apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coarse, high-pitched sound typically heard on inspiration

A

Stridor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Short, low-pitched sound typically heard during expiration

A

Grunting

23
Q

Normal HR: NB to 3 months

A

85-205

24
Q

Normal HR: 3 months to 2 years

A

100-190

25
Q

Normal HR: 2-10 years

A

60-140

26
Q

Normal HR: >10 years

A

60-100

27
Q

MCC of bradycardia in children

A

Hypoxia

28
Q

Cyanosis is not apparent until at least ___ of hen are desaturated

A

5 g/dL

29
Q

When measuring BP, the cuff bladder should cover about ___% of the MUAC

A

40

30
Q

When measure BP, the cuff should extend at least ___% to ___% of the length of the upper arm

A

50-75

31
Q

Hypotension in neonates (0-28 days)

A

Less than 60mmHg

32
Q

Hypotension in infants (1-12 months)

A

Less than 70mmHg

33
Q

Hypotension in children (1 year to 10 years)

A

5th percentile BP; Less than 70+(age in years x 2)

34
Q

Hypotension in children >10 years

A

Less than 90

35
Q

Standard evaluations of disability in pediatric patients

A

1) AVPU 2) GCS 3) Pupil response to light

36
Q

AVPU

A

Alert, responsive to voice, responsive to pain, unresponsive

37
Q

3 levels of head injury as defined by the GCS

A

Mild - GCS 13-15; Moderate - GCS 9-12; Severe GCS 3-8

38
Q

Triad consistent with poor myocardial contractility or extrinsic cardiac compression

A

Low arterial BP, high CVP, tachycardia

39
Q

O2 consumption in infants

A

6-8 mL/kg/min

40
Q

O2 consumption in adults

A

3-4 mL/kg/min

41
Q

When airflow is laminar, what is the relationship of resistance to airway radius

A

Inversely proportional to 4th power of radius

42
Q

When airflow is laminar, what is the relationship of resistance to airway radius

A

Inversely proportional to 4th power of radius

43
Q

Mechanisms involved in breathing

A

1) Brainstem 2) Central and peripheral chemoreceptors 3) Voluntary control

44
Q

Central chemoreceptors for control of breathing respond to

A

Hydrogen ion concentration

45
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors for control of breathing respond to

A

Arterial O2

46
Q

Clinical state characterized by abnormal RR

A

Respiratory distress

47
Q

Clinical state of inadequate O2, ventilation, or both

A

Respiratory failure

48
Q

Classifications of respiratory distress or failure

A

1) Upper airway obstruction 2) Lower airway obstruction 3) Lung tissue disease 4) Disordered control of breathing

49
Q

Intervention for mild croup

A

Consider Dexamethasone

50
Q

Intervention for moderate to severe croup

A

1) Humidified O2 2) Nebulized epi (then observe for 2 hours for recurrence of stridor) 3) Dexamethasone 4) Consider heliox

51
Q

Intervention for impending respiratory failure in croup

A

1) High O2 concentration (nonrebreathing mask) 2) IV/IM Dexa 3) Intubate if indicated using ET half a size smaller than predicted for age 4) Prepare for surgical airway if needed

52
Q

Intervention for anaphylaxis

A

1) IM epi q10-15min prn 2) If wheezing, salb neb or MDI; continuous neb if w/ severe bronchospasm 3) Prepare for intubation 4) Diphen and H2 blocker (ranitidine) IV 5) Methylpred or equivalent corticosteroid IV

53
Q

Intervention for hypotension in anaphylaxis

A

1) Trendelenburg position 2) Isotonic crystalloid @ 20cc/kg 3) If unresponsive to fluids, IM epi; if still unresponsive, epi infusion titrated to achieve adequate BP for age

PALS (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions