System Implementation and Business Strategy Flashcards
What are the main steps in implementing an Information System?
Installation Testing Staff Training File Conversion Changeover
What areas should the testing strategy cover?
Strategy approach - Make a strategy
Test plan - make a plan of action
Test design - explain the deign of the tests
Performing tests - creating procedures for the tests
Documentation - results to be documented
Retesting - Procedures for retesting
What are the four stages of testing?
System logic
Program testing
System testing
User acceptance testing
What is the difference between unit testing and unit integration testing?
Unit testing is testing one function or part of a program to ensure it operates correctly and unit integration testing is testing two or more software units to ensure they work together
What are the limitations of software testing?
Poor testing processes Inadequate time Future requirements not anticipated Inadequate test data Software changes inadequately tested
What types of user training is there?
Individual training (at desk) Classroom training CBT Case studies and exercises Software reference materials
What are the factors for user training?
Time available Software complexity User skill levels Facilities available Budgets
What are the different checks in File conversions?
One to one checking
Sample checking
Built is data validation
Control totals and reconciliations
What are the types of changeover?
Direct (Big Bang)
Parallel running
Pilot Operation (part of the system run parallel)
Phased or modular changeover
What are the user change experience Torrington and Weightman 1994 identified?
Imposition = Initiated by someone else = Resistance Adaption = Change in attitude because of others = Uncertainty Growth = A response to opportunities = Delight Creativity = controls the change process = Excitement
What are the types of reactions to change?
Acceptance
Indifference
Passive Resistance
Active Restistance
What are John Hunts types of responses from Management?
Pleas of ignorance (need more info) Delayed Judgement (lets wait and see) Defensive stances (Not going to work) Displaying various personal insecurities (I wont cope) Withdrawal, disowning (Not interested)
Dealing with resistance: Lewin/Schein
Unfreeze (selling the change)
Move (Identifying the new behavior)
Refreeze (reinforcing the new behavior)
Kotter and Schlesinger 1979 - Dealing with resistance
Education and communication (Lack of info)
Participation and involvement (reduce resistance)
Facilitation and support (Anxiety)
Negotiation and agreement (compensate - redundancy)
Manipulation and co-optation (misleading info)
Explicit and implicit coercion (threat)
What are the important factors for introducing change?
Pace Manner Scope Commitment (resources/time) Co-ordination Communication
