Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CS > System Fundamentals > Flashcards

System Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

When developing a new system what does an organisation do first?

A

The context of new system planning is defined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is done in the “context of new system planning” stage?

A
  • Understanding of organisational needs
  • Market research and trends
  • Feasilibility study
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are the organisational needs understood?

A
  • By defining the business goals/objectives(which could be to increase efficiency, improve service or expand market reach)
  • Current system analysis: Examining the limitations and capabilities of exisiting systems and to identify areas of improvement/change
  • User requirements: Gather input from users to understand their needs, challenges and expectations from the new system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is market research done and how are trends identified?

A
  • Benchmarking: Anylsis of similar systems in other organisations(with best practices and innovations)
  • Technological trends:Staying updated with the new technology to see if tools or platforms could benefit with the new system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What types of feasibility are assesed?

A
  • Technical feasibility(whether the existing infrastructure can support the new system)
  • Economic feasibility(whether the new system is cost effective and a consideration of development operation and maintainence costs)
  • Legal and compliance feasibility(whether the system complies with relevant laws regulations and standards)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the technical capabilities and constraints when developing a new system?

A
  • Scalability
  • Interoperability
  • User experience
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is done during a cost-benefit analysis?

A
  • Direct and indirect costs are considered(development, training and maintainence costs)
  • Benefits are highlighted(increased efficiency, improved data accuracy, customer satisfaction and competitive advantage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some organisational issues in the new system installation?

A
  • User role implementation: End-users, admins, IT staff, decesion makers
  • Underlying technologies: Selection of technologies, data management
  • Installation challenges: Customising needs, training and support
  • Security and data protection: Risk analysis, data encryption and backup
  • Ethical and social considerations: Data privacy, employee well being
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the parts of the “Change management” phase in developing a new system?

A
  • Identifying the need for change management
  • Factors for successful change
  • Social and ethical effects of change management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is the need for change management identified?

A
  • Understanding drivers of change: Technological advancement, market dynamics, regulatory compliance, internal organisational strategy
  • Goals for change management: Efficiency, agility, innovation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some of the factors that make change successful?

A
  • Key Elements of Strategic Planning: Vision and goals, resource allocation
  • Effective Communication: Engagement strategy (all levels),Message consistency
  • Training and Empowerment: Capacity building (skills), Empowerment
  • Methodical Implementation: Risk management, Monitoring and adjustment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some of the possible social and ethical impacts of change?

A
  • Impacts on employers: Strategic challenges(change vs need), cultural shift
  • Impacts on employees: psychological impact, change fatigue
  • Managing expectations and perceptions: Fairness and transparency, active participation
  • Promoting responsible decision making: Stakeholder analysis, ethical frameworks
  • Addressing global and cultural differences: Respecting diversity, cross-cultural peace
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some of the difficulties in changing software systems?

A
  • Users don’t like change
  • Omitted features
  • Old systems may be faster
  • Incompatibility
  • Data loss
  • High cost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two types of compatibilities?

A

Software and hardware compatibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some of the software compatibility issues?

A
  • Integration of new and old Systems
  • Software updates and versions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the solutions to the software compatibility issues?

A
  • Middleware
  • Version management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some of the hardware compatibility issues?

A
  • Peripheral integration
  • System performance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the solutions to the hardware compatibility issues?

A
  • Standardisation
  • Regular hardware review and upgrade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a legacy system?

A

An outdated system, programming language or application software which is used instead of upgraded versions

20
Q

Why are legacy systems still used?

A
  • Data can not be changed into newer or standard formats
  • Application programs can not be upgraded
21
Q

What are some of the legacy system compatibility issues?

A
  • Integration issues
  • Security vulnerability
  • High maintenance cost
22
Q

What are some of the legacy system compatibility solutions?

A
  • Performing system audits: evaluate perfomance and risk
  • Strategic replacement: Phased approach to replace legacy system
  • Bridge solution: Using middleware to communicate between old and new systems
23
Q

What are some of the business merger compatibility issues?

A
  • Data compatibility
  • Integration issues
  • Transformation of data
  • Different use of application software
  • Different change management policies
23
Q

Compare hosting locally to remotely.

A

Local(Saap):
* Need to buy and maintain servers and software
* Employees to support hardware and software
* Space to house servers
* Electricity cost

On cloud(Saas)
* No need to buy and maintain servers and software
* Fewer employees needed
* Pay for resources used
* Easy to deploy
* Incressed efficiency through use of virtual resources
* 24/7 support
* Remote access

23
Q

What are the advantages of locally hosted servers?

A
  • Pay once
  • Can control the data yourself in a secure data centre hence less rik of data loss
  • Installments required
  • New version leads to new purchase
  • Best for large and complex systems
23
Q

What are the disadvantages of locally hosted servers?

A
  • Higher initial cost than remote
  • Harder to predict total cost
  • Maintain it yourself
24
Q

What are the advantages of hosting remotely?

A
  • Lower initial costs
  • Overall costs can be predicted
  • No need to maintain
  • Data secure in data centre
25
Q

What are the disadvantages of hosting remotely?

A
  • Risk of data loss if provider shuts down
  • Lower performance
  • Internet connectio
26
Q

What are the four ways to change?

A
  • Direct(old stopped, new started)
  • Parallel(old and new run concurrently)
  • Piltot(new system tested with a small part of the organisation, bugs fixed then expanded)
  • Phased(introduced in phases, old system passed out)
27
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of direct changeover?

A

New system available immediately but no backup in case of failure

28
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of parallel changeover?

A

Advantages: Backup options and results of both systems can be compared from to ensure they work correctly. Disadvantages: Expensive

29
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of pilot changeover?

A

Advantages: All features tested before the whole organisation by staff hence if failure, only small part suffers. Disadvantages: No backup for the pilot group in case of failure.

30
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of phased conversion?

A

Advantages: allows people to get used to the new system and the training can be done in stages. Disadvantages: No backup.

31
Q

What is static testing?

A
  • Checking defects without execution during early stages of dev
  • Part of code is run
  • Cheap, requires less time
  • Used to discover problems
  • Verification
32
Q

What is dynamic testing?

A
  • Analyses dynamic behaviour in late stages of dev
  • Whole code is run post deployment
  • Expensive, time consuming
  • Discovers problems based on test cases
  • Validation
33
Q

What is alpha testing?

A
  • Tests user journey and confirm that it works as intended by an internal team
  • Rigourously structured to fix bugs and UI issues
34
Q

What is beta testing?

A
  • Real world perfomance tested by end users
  • Unstrcutured
  • Users provide feedback
35
Q

What is black box testing?

A
  • Functional testing
  • User does not know anything about the system
36
Q

What is white box testing?

A
  • Structured
  • Software developers test for requirementd
37
Q

What is unit testing?

A
  • Testing smallest pieces of code which can be logically isolated
  • Allows developers to identify errors
38
Q

What is integration testing?

A
  • Testing interaction between units
  • Top down: top modules to lower modules
  • Bottom up: testing from lower to top
39
Q

What is system testing?

A
  • Tests complete application against requirements
  • Black box testing
40
Q

What is acceptance testing?

A
  • Validates whether the software meets requirements
  • User acceptance testing: by users
  • Operational acceptance: Checks non functional requirements
41
Q

What is regression testing?

A
  • A type of software testing that ensures that recently developed or updated code does not adversely affect existing features
  • Automated tools are used
42
Q

What is stress testing?

A

Behaviour under extreme conditions

43
Q

What are strategies to manage releases and updates?

A
  • Deployment strategies
  • Rolling updates: incremental changes
  • Blue/green deployment: Alternate between two production environments ensuring one is always live3
  • Patch management
  • Automated deploy tools

CS (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions