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Study > System Fundamentals > Flashcards

System Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

System admin

A

root

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2
Q

USed to determine sudo privileges

A

etc/sudoers

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3
Q

sudoers drop in directory used to organize configurations

A

etc/sudoers.d

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4
Q

open ssh daemon config file

A

etc/ssh/ssh_config

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5
Q

Used to disable root logins

A

etc/ssh/ssh_config

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6
Q

Used to edit suoders file

A

visuo

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7
Q

provides a lock against simultaneous edits, provides basic sanity checks and checks for parse errors

A

visudo

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8
Q

Allows a user to execute a command as the superuser or another user using -u

A

sudo

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9
Q

allows users to run commands with a substitute user and group id

A

su

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10
Q

what commands used with u will start the shell as a login shell with an environment similar to a real login shell

A

-l and -login

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11
Q

What options run with sudo will execute an interactive shell if no command is specified

A

-i -login

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12
Q

Collect report and save system activity info

A

sar

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13
Q

provided by systat

A

sar

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14
Q

creates a binary file for each day of the month

A

sa01

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15
Q

Sar daily summary file format

A

sar01

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16
Q

systat must be started in order for this command to run and collect data

A

sar

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17
Q

Duration of sar collection can be changed in which file

A

etc/cron.d/systat

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18
Q

option for sar to extract records from a file name

A

-f

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19
Q

option for sar to report memory utilization

A

-r

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20
Q

option for sar to report cpu utilization

A

-u

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21
Q

report virtual memory statistics as well as stats on paging and block i/o

A

vmstatd

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22
Q

Default start prints summary of usage statistics since last reboot

A

vmstat

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23
Q

can run on an interval with a count or continuously

A

vmstat

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24
Q

option for vmstat to display a table of memory stats

A

-s

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25
Q

option for vmstat to report disk stats

A

-d

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26
Q

Display amount of free and used memory in the system

A

free

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27
Q

default kb

A

free

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28
Q

pulled from proc/meminfo file

A

free

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29
Q

option for free to display in human readbale format

A

-h

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30
Q

option for free to display in megabytes or gigabytes

A

-m -g

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31
Q

option for free to display in wide mode

A

-w

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32
Q

report file system disk space usage

A

df

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33
Q

reports amount of space available on file system of each file name given as an argument

A

df

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34
Q

If no argument is given this command reports the available space on all mounted file systems

A

df

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35
Q

option for df to list pseudo duplicate and inaccessible file systems

A

-a

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36
Q

Creates a file by converting groups of files and directories into an archive

A

tar

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37
Q

ends with tar extension followed by compression used

A

taro

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38
Q

option for tar to create an archive

A

-c

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39
Q

option for tar to extract an archive

A

-x

40
Q

option for tar to specify the archive file name

A

-f

41
Q

option for tar to filter through gzip

A

-Z

42
Q

option for tar to filter through xz

A

J

43
Q

option for tar to filter through bzip2

A

j

44
Q

option for tar to show files processed by the command

A

v

45
Q

used for copying and synchronizing files and directories both remotely and locally

A

rsync

46
Q

option for rsync that uses archive mode which perserves permissions and ownership

A

-apti

47
Q

on for rsync which uses verbose output

A

-v

48
Q

option for rsync that compresses files during transfer

A

z

49
Q

option for rsync that performs a backup during data synchronization

A

-b

50
Q

option for rsync that performs a dry run

A

n

51
Q

option for rsync that copies data recursively and does not keep ownership

A

r

52
Q

option for rsync that skips files that are newer on the destination

A

u

53
Q

an open source web server

A

apache http

54
Q

provides content through the hypertext transfer protocol

A

apache http

55
Q

apache http document root folder

A

vat/www/html

56
Q

ports for http

A

443 80

57
Q

An open source mail server from IBM

A

postflix

58
Q

USes simple mail transfer protocol

A

postflix

59
Q

postflix folder

A

var/log/maillog or mail.log

60
Q

ports for postflix

A

25 465 587

61
Q

how to enable and start a service?

A

systemctl enable <name> -now</name>

62
Q

Synchronize the system clock on a linux system with a centralized ntp server

A

NTP

63
Q

NTP ports

A

123/udp

64
Q

More versatile then NTP

A

chrony

65
Q

used to synchronize the sytem clock on a linux system but can be a server or a peer

A

chrony

66
Q

log file categories

A

system
service
application
event

67
Q

Debian system log

A

var/log/syslog

68
Q

Red Hat system logs

A

var/log/messages

69
Q

A logging system developed by system

A

systemd journal

70
Q

Stores data in binary format and can be viewed using journalctl utility

A

systemd journal

71
Q

Option for systemd journal to view messages for a particular systemd unit

A

-u

72
Q

Option for systemd journal to follow the journal for the latest messages

A

-F

73
Q

Option for system d journal to jump to the end of the journal

A

-E

74
Q

Option fo rsystemd journal to add explanatory texts

A

-X

75
Q

Options for systemd journal to show entries froma specific data to another date

A

-s - u since until

76
Q

A utility that can be installed and is by default often to manage logs

A

log rotate

77
Q

make sure log files dont become too large and it dictates how they will be stored on a host

A

log rotate

78
Q

main config file for log rotate

A

/etc/cron.daily

79
Q

Provides a dynamically managed firewall that can support groups of rules called zones

A

firewalld

80
Q

The command line client for firewalld

A

firewall-cmd

81
Q

Predefined firewalld zones

A

public
home
drop
block
external
internac
dmz
work
trusted

82
Q

This file tells you who can ssh into linux system

A

ssh_config

83
Q

This keyword can be followed by usernames separated by spaces and login will only be allowed for them

A

allowusers

84
Q

login is allowed for users whose primary or supplementary group is listed here

A

allowgroups

85
Q

The initialization state that determines which system services should be running on a sys init system

A

runlevels

86
Q

used to link a group of units together and describe a desired system state on a systemd system

A

target

87
Q

Run level 0

A

poweroff target

88
Q

Run level 1

A

rescue target (minimal environment with only essential services)

89
Q

Run level 2,3,4

A

multi user target (normal system state)

90
Q

Run level 5

A

graphical target includes gui

91
Q

run level 6

A

reboot

92
Q

systemctl list -units -t target

A

view active and loaded targets

93
Q

systemctl get-default

A

returns the default target

94
Q

systemctl isolate

A

start the unit specified on the command line and its dependencies and stop all others

95
Q

An implementation of a flexible mandatory access control architecture in the linux OS that incorporates a set of kernel modifications and user space tools (it provides an extra layer of security by controlling and limiting what programs and uses can do) it works by assigning security labels to files processes, and other system objects and then defining rules to govern their interactions

A

selinux

96
Q

Modes of SELinux Operation

A

Enforcing
Permissive (logs policy violations but doesnt block them)
Disabled

97
Q

Security contexts for selinux

A

user
role
type
range or level

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