System Dynamics - BD Sterman Flashcards
instinctive
Natural
غريزي، ذاتي
An instinctive management response to periods of worsening fire severity is to increase fire suppression capacity, an approach with immediate appeal as it directly treats the symptom of devastating fires and appeases the public.
appeal
fascination, magnetism
جذبه
- Increasing fire suppression capacity is an approach with immediate appeal as it directly treats the symptom of devastating fires and appeases the public.
- What kind of man would appeal to you?
- She didn’t try to hide her sex appeal and wore clothing tight enough to leave little to the imagination.
استیناف
- The exhausted student can appeal to the faculty for relief, generating request for extentions.
appease
mitigate, calm, pacify
ساکت کردن، آرام کردن، تسکین دادن
- An instinctive management response to periods of worsening fire severity is to increase fire suppression capacity, an approach with immediate appeal as it directly treats the symptom of devastating fires and appeases the public.
- We eat only to appease our hunger, we drink only so much as it is good for temperate persons to do.
- Would that appease you, Gabriel?
degrade
decline, decay, lower, reduce
تنزل دادن، خفت دادن، تنزل رتبه دادن
- The new policy can degrade the long-run effectiveness of the fire management.
- Every day I stay in this house I degrade myself further.
exacerbate
worsen, deteriorate, aggravate
بدتر کردن، تشدید کردن
- Climate change also appears to
be influencing patterns of rainfall and weather that can exacerbate fire damages.
supress
finish, stop, prevent, arrest, beat, overwhelm
سرکوب کردن، خاموش کردن، منکوب کردن، فرونشاندن
- The damages motivated great attention to forest and fire management and led to significant expenditures on the country’s capacity to suppress fires.
seek
try, attempt, search, explore
طلبیدن، جوییدن، طلب کردن
Much of the research in recent years has sought to explain the problem statistically.
underlying
fundamental, basic, primary, elementary, latent, suppressed, unrevealed, undisclosed, unexpressed, concealed, hidden, masked
اساسی، اصولی
There are underlying dynamics that have been impacting the activity for many years.
subject to
Being dependent or conditional upon something, exposed to some unfortunate or undesirable thing, Under the necessity of undergoing something
- The assuptions should be subject to scrutiny.
- He was subject to a lot of gross mistreatment by the people.
scrutiny
study, check, survey, examination, inquiry
بررسی، رسیدگی، موشکافی
- The assuptions should be subject to scrutiny.
- Every aspect of local government was placed under scrutiny.
initialization
The process/act of preparing something to begin, the assignment of an initial value for a data object or variable
مقداردهی اولیه
- The initialization of equilibrium is less significant.
divergence
contrast, heterogeny, branch
واگرایی، انشعاب
- The divergence exist between primates and other groups.
divergent
conflicting, different, disparate
واگرا، مختلف، متباین
- At first, the consequences of two divergent policies should be examined.
far more
Skilled, well-trained pilots are critical, but far more important is designing an aircraft that is stable, robust under extreme conditions, and that ordinary pilots can fly safely even when stressed, tired, or in unfamiliar conditions.
robust
powerful, prosperous, giant, in good shape
تنومند، قوی هیکل، خوش بنیه
Skilled, well-trained pilots are critical, but far more important is designing an aircraft that is stable, robust under extreme conditions, and that ordinary pilots can fly safely even when stressed, tired, or in unfamiliar conditions.
courage, to call for courage
شجاعت، جرات، دلیری
He calls for courage in the selection of problems. His words put courage into every heart. He said: ‘‘Have courage, my boy’’.
embed
encompass, belay
نشاندن، محاط کردن، جادادن
Modeling is embedded in an organization and social context.
per se
by itself, directly, instantly, fundamentaly, by and of itself
فی نفسه، به خودی خود، مستقیمن
- Well, that’s not correct per se, but the situation is something like that.
- Before the modeling process per se begins, the modeler must gain access to the organization and identify the client.
champion
defend, support, backup
- The client is not the person who brings you in to an organization or champions your work, nor even the person who pays for the modeling study.
nor even
نه حتا
- The client is not the person who brings you in to an organization or champions your work, nor even the person who pays for the modeling study.
look out
To be watchful or careful; take care
- If you don’t look out, you may fall on the ice.
- We looked out for each other on the trip.
- Clients are looking out for their own careers.
do little care
They care little for the elegance of the modeler’s theory.
keep someone onboard
He should not do everything to keep them onboard.
conception
vision, idea, imagination
تصور، درک
- A good modeling process challenges the clients’ conception of the problem.
gain power
They are interested in using models as instruments to gain power in their organization.
integrity
accuracy, perfection
تمامیت، بی عیبی، درستی
- As a modeler you have an ethical responsibility to carry out your work with rigor and integrity.
rigor
rigidity, severity, hardness, austerity
سختگیری، دقت زیاد، خشونت
- As a modeler you have an ethical responsibility to carry out your work with rigor and integrity.
- His analysis is lacking in rigor.
being lacking in sth
His analysis is lacking in rigor.
someone’s mind is closed
- If your client’s minds are closed, get yourself a better client.
inherently
- Modeling is inherently creative.
articulate
شمرده سخن گفتن، مفصل دار کردن
- they were unable to articulate their emotions.
- The first step is articulating the problem to be addressed.
place sth in context with sth
- It is important to place the modeling in context with the ongoing activities in the system.
sequence of steps
- Modeling is not a linear sequence of steps.
iteration
repeat, repetition, duplication
بازگویی، تکرار
- Modeling goes through constant iteration, continual questioning, testing, and refinement.
continual
sequential, ceaseless, continuous
- Modeling goes through constant iteration, continual questioning, testing, and refinement.
refinement
پالایش
- Modeling goes through constant iteration, continual questioning, testing, and refinement.
recast
از نو طرح کردن، از نو قالب ریختن
- That figure recasts the modeling process shown in table more accurately.
- This metal would be recast into additional cannon.
continually
- This information is continually updated.
glean
extract (infos) from various sources, plagiarize
خوشه چینی کردن
- The information is gleaned from untrusted sources.
one-shot activity
- Modeling is not a one-shot activity, but an ongoing process of continual cycling between the virtual and real world of action.
propose (to)
to suggest something to someone
- I have already proposed to Sarah.
- Beware the analyst who proposes to model an entire business.
- I proposed my idea to him.
beware
حذر کردن از
- Beware the analyst who proposes to model an entire business.
- Beware of the ghost in the night come to steal you away!
lie in sth
to consist of or have something as a basis
- The usefulness of models lies in the fact that they simplify reality, creating a representation of it we can comprehend.
- Our continued success lies in our commitment to service.
supplement (verb)
complete
تکمیل کردن، ضمیمه شدن به
- The modeler develops the initial characterization of the problem through discussions, suppelmented by archival data and interviews.
elicit
extract, draw out
بیرون کشیدن، استخراج کردن
- They work with a group to elicit the information needed to define the problem.
unfold
reveal, disclose, open
بازکردن، آشکار شدن، رها شدن
- New information unfolded by the government shows how the problem arose and how it might evolve even in the future.
literally
difinitely, exactly
دقیقن، به معنای واقعی کلمه
- You should develop a refrence mode, literally a set of graphs and other descriptive data showing the development of the problem over time.
far enough back in history
The time horizon should extend far enough back in history to show how the problem emerged.
trend
change or develop in a general direction
گرایش یا تمایل داشتن
- The chart shows production slowly trending down and consumption trending modestly up.
fluctuate in a narrow band
Prices fluctuate in a narrow band between 10 and 20.
spike
a sharp increase
- Prices spike to 40$ per barrel after the Iraki invasion of Kuwait.
impression
perception, result, view, sense
درک، احساس، اثر
- By changing the time horizon, the impression is completely different.
at an average rate
- Consumption grew exponentially at an average rate of 4.3 percent per year.
keep pace
move at the same speed as sth/smn, to stay at the same level as sth/smn
- Production kept pace as exploration techniques.
- We get regular pay raises that are supposed to keep pace with inflation.
slightly
little, somewhat
اندکی
- Import grew slightly, stimulated by the availability of cheap foreign oil.
finite
limited
محدود، فناپذیر
- Petroleum is a finite nonrenewable resource.
spur
سیخ زدن
- The purpose of the model was to identify high leverage policies to spur the economic development in the region.
desertification
بیابانزایی
- As the cattle overbrowsed the grasslands, disertification increased.
account for something
explain sth, be the reason for sth
- The hypothesis should be developed to account for the problematic behavior.
- His good manners account for his popularity.
- More police on the streets accounted for less street crime.
- She has accounted for every item that was missing.
provisional
conditional, dependent, limited
موقتي، مشروط
- As it is provisional, it is subject to revisionor abandonment.
acknowledge
affirm, certify
- they need to acknowledge the source of problems.
persist
continue firmly
- That critical problem persisted for years.
advocate
- All advocate their positions while deriding the views of others.
deride
تمسخر کردن
- All advocate their positions while deriding the views of others.
elicitation
استخراج
- Variety of elicitation techniques and diagramming tools should be developed to assisst the modeler.
endogenous
internal
- The modeler’s goal is to help the client develop an endogenous explanation for the problematic dynamics.
scrutinize
analyze carefully
مورد موشکافی و مداقه قرار دادن
- Each candidate for exogenous input should be carefully scrutinized to consider whether there are important feedbacks from endogenous to them or not.
contradictory
متناقض
- Treating economy exogenously made the model inherently contradictory.
palpably
به روشنی
- The basic assumptions were palpably inadequate and the main results were woefully erroneous.
erroneous
پر از اشتباه
- The basic assumptions were palpably inadequate and the main results were woefully erroneous.
constrain
severely restrict
- The puepose of the model is to explore how the macroeconomic considerations might constrain the development of new energy sources.
be worth …ing
- It is worth noting that the model provided a breakdown of demand and supply.
- Another feedback is worth adding.
- The implementation may seem a bit cumbersome at first, but the payoff can be well worth the effort.
overoptimistic
- The predicted rate of development was overoptimistic.
treat
- The model treat the import prices exogenously.
treat in a … fashion
به طرز … مورد عمل قرار دادن، به طرز …. رفتار کردن
- The model treated thesnergy system in a fairly aggregate fashion.
undercut
weaken; undermine
- While that tendency is natural, it undercuts the utility of the model and weaken the ability to learn from it.
absurd
meaningless, irrational
پوچ، مهمل، بی معنی
- Without a clear understanding of the model boundry, the can produce absurd results.
couple
combine with, accompany with, mix with, incorporate with
- The subsystems are coupled with one another.
- The two subsystems are coupled by the obvious flow of orders, product, and money.
- A sense of hope is coupled with a palpable sense of loss.
encounter
face
مواجه شدن، روبرو شدن
- The company encountered a severe crisis that led to bankrupcy and merger.
merger
ادغام
- The company encountered a severe crisisthat led to bankrupcy and merger.
implication
meaning, concept, sense
مفهوم
- Most of the time the dynamic implications of the model is unclear.
- The implication of exponential growth is intuitively difficult to grasp.
reveal
diclose, unfold, display
آشکار ساختن
- Simulation (the virtual world) might reveal the flaws in the dynamic hypothesis.
flaw
deficiency, gap
عیب
- Simulation (the virtual world) might reveal the flaws in the dynamic hypothesis.
- Extreme conditions tests, along with other tests of model behavior, are critical tools to discover the flaws in the model.
insight
intuition, understanding, vision
بینش، فهم
- Formalizing a conceptual model often generates important insight even before it is ready to be simulated.
- She alone could provide insight into what he needed to do.
vague
ambiguous, opaque, unclear
مبهم، غیرمعلوم
- Formalization help the modeler to recognize vague concepts that went unnoticed and undiscussed.
correspond to sth
to match up with something; to harmonize with sth
مطابق بودن، مانند یا مشابه بودن، رابطه داشتن، متناظر با
- Every variable must correspond to a meaningful concept in the real world.
- The equations correspond to the stock and flow map.
surplus
excess, addition, augmentation, excess, increase
مازاد
- With a huge surplus of cars on dealer lots, production should soon fall to zero.
set the stage for sth
make sth happen, prepare sth for some activity
- زمینه چیزی را فراهم کردن
- Discovering flows in the model sets the stage for improved understanding.
- The purpose of that first meeting was to set the stage for future co-operation between Russia and the USA.
robustness
استحکام، خوشفکری
- The robustness of the mode must be assessed.
plausible
acceptable, possible
پذیرفتنی، محتمل
- A simple and plausible formulation for the grwoth rate is to multiply two variables presented by Vensim.
denote
define, mark, explain
معنی کردن، نشان دادن، علامتگذاری کردن
- The hatched lines denote the silvered surfaces.
- The term is also used to denote the severity of incident.
- The variables are denoted ‘Xi’ and ‘Wi’ in the original dataset.
incidence
occurrence
وقوع
- An increased incidence of cance has been reportaed.
- The new structure captures the relationship between incidence and prevalence.
prevalence
outbreak, spread, break-out, dominace, conquest
شیوع، برتری، تفوق
- The new structure captures the relationship between incidence and prevalence.
imperfect
- Modeling is always imperfect.
by far
to the greatest degree
تا کنون
- She is by far the most experienced member of the cast.
- By far the most important tool for analysing and understanding the structure of the model is unit-checking function.
consistency
stability
ثبات، استحکام
- The most important feature of any system dynamics equation is dimentional consistency.
- His argument that lacked consistency.
so far
up to now
تا حالا
- I followed the instructions so far.
dimensionless
- Probability is dimentionless.
under scrutiny, place sth under scrutiny
being watched or examined closely
- The suspect was kept under scrutiny throughout the investigation.
- Every aspect of local government was placed under scrutiny.
polarity
symmetry, synchrony
تمایل
- The negative polarity of the link from the death rate to population denotes that the death rate subtract population.
subtract
reduce, diminish, alleviate, cut, deduct, subtract
کم کردن، منها کردن
- The negative polarity of the link from the death rate to population denotes that the death rate subtract population.
- An inflow adds to the stock or subtracts from it.
causal
علی، سببی
- Every link should represent causal relationship between variables.
confusing sth with sth
- Confusing correlation with causality can lead to terrible misjudgments and policy errors.
reinforce
amplify, amplify, bolster, augment
تقویت کردن، نیرو بخشیدن
- Positive loops reinforce change whiole negative loops are self-correcting.
disturbance
disorder, discomfort
آشوب
- A helicopter landing can cause disturbance to residents.
- The disturbance propagates around the loop to reinforce the original change.
propagate
spread, broadcast
انتشار دادن
- The disturbance propagates around the loop to reinforce the original change.
miscount
- In complex diagram it is all too easz to miscount the number of negative links and also to mislable the polaritz of links.
mislable
- In complex diagram it is all too easz to miscount the number of negative links and also to mislable the polaritz of links.
elastic
- If demand is highly elastic, a higher price means less revenue because a 1% increase in price causes demand to fall more than 1 %. The link would have negative polarity.
inelastic
If demand is inelastic, then a l % increase in price causes demand to drop less than l %, so revenues rise. The link would be positive.
explicit
bright, clear, definitive, precise
صریح، روشن
- The pathways should be made explicit in diagram.
- Make the goal of your negative loop explicit!
presumably
likely
احتمالن
- He persumably comes from US.
- Persumably the demand curve is sloping downward.
downward
رو به پایین
- Persumably the demand curve is sloping downward.
insensitive (to)
- The demand is insensitive to price (means the elasticity of demand is less than one).
raise
boost, enhance
بالا بردن
- Price raised unit revenue more than it decreases
sales.
dominate
- Conversely, if customers are quite price sensitive (the elasticity of demand is greater than one), the lower path dominates.
- Interviews with anxious drivers dominated the news.
fruitful
beneficial, advantageous
پربار
- It is a fruitful method to deepen our understanding of the causal structure.
conversly
- Conversely, if customers are quite price sensitive (the elasticity of demand is greater than one), the lower path dominates.
build up
progress, develop, build
توسعه پیدا کردن
- When schedule pressure builds up they must work overtime.
- The transit authority attempts to build up the mass transit network.
backlog
انباشتگی، کارهای روی هم جمع شده
- By overtime working, they cut the backlog of work and relieve the schedule pressure.
- I never build up a large backlog of assignments.
relieve
mitigate, facilitate
تسکین دادن، تخفیف دادن، کمک کردن
- By overtime working, they cut the backlog of work and relieve the schedule pressure.
fatigue
خستگی
- However, by overtime working, fatigue sets in and productivity suffers.
set in
begin to happen, become apparent or stablished
ایجاد شدن، اتفاق افتادن
- However, by overtime working, fatigue sets in and productivity suffers.
haste makes waste
عجله گه میزنه به کار
cut corners
to do something in the easiest, cheapest, or fastest way
corner cutting
- The engineers argues that corner cutting is self-defeating because it increases the error rate, whichleads to rework and lower productivity in the long run.
self defeating
علیه خود
- The engineers argues that corner cutting is self-defeating because it increases the error rate, which leads to rework and lower productivity in the long run.
rework
دوباره کاری
- The engineers argues that corner cutting is self-defeating because it increases the error rate, which leads to rework and lower productivity in the long run.
burnout
physical or mental collapse caused by overwork or stress
فرسودگی شغلی
inertia
a tendency to do nothing or to remain unchanged
اینرسی
- Delays give systems inertia can create oscillations, and are often responsible for trade-offs between the short- and long-run effects of policies.
in the response of sth to sth
- Different time delays occur in the response of dasoline demand to price change.
substantial
fundamental, basic, essential, vital, pivotal
اساسی، قابل توجه
- The long run response is substantial as the stock of cars is graduallz replaced with more efficient models and as the lifestzles change.
hypothetical
فرضی
- It discuss a hypothetical permanent unanticipated increase in gasoline price.
morale
روحیه
- More praise from the boss boosts morale.
clutter
disarray, mash, confusion,
درهم و برهمی
- Symbols without meaning only serve to clutter and distract.
distract
knock down, confound, confuse
پریشان کردن، گیج کردن
- Symbols without meaning only serve to clutter and distract.
grasp
فهمیدن، به چنگ آوردن، قاپیدن
- The audience couldn’t grasp the logic of the causal links. So,the modeler tried to make some of the intermediate variables explicit.
- The implication of exponential growth is intuitively difficult to grasp.
chunk
piece, slice, fragment
تکه
- Short term memory can hold 7 chunks of information at once.
one at a time
یکی یکی
- Few people can understand a complex causal diagram unless they have a chance to digest the pieces one at a time.
digest
خلاصه کردن، هضم کردن
- Few people can understand a complex causal diagram unless they have a chance to digest the pieces one at a time.
discrepancy
difference, disagreement, variation
عدم توافق، اختلاف
- All negative loops function by comparing the actual state to the goal, then initiating a corrective action in response to the discrepancy.
- There’s a discrepancy between your account and his
incorporate in
build or combine sth/sne into sth sth/sne
ترکیب کردن، بهم پیوستن، داخل کردن
- We want to incorporate you into our sales force very soon.
- Hypothesis can be incorporated in the model very quickly.
proportional
symmetric, symmetrical
متناسب
- The rate of cooling (at which heat diffuses from the hot coffe to the surrounding air) is proportional to the difference between the coffee and room temprature.
diffuse
disperse, scatter, spread
پخش و پراکنده شدن
- The rate of cooling (at which heat diffuses from the hot coffe to the surrounding air) is proportional to the difference between the coffee and room temprature.
state of affairs
the general state of things
شرایط، وضع موجود
- Differences exist between true state of affairs and the perception of that state by the actors.
perceive
understand, figure out, realize, see, grasp, consider
فهمیدن، درک کردن، دریافتن، حس کردن
- The modeler couldn’t perceive the status quo.
- He perceived the truth.
- The strength of the social exposure depends on how chic cocaine is perceived to be.
perceived
درک شده، دریافت شده
- Distinguish between actual and perceived conditions is critical.
hold a view
- They can hols a grossly exaggerated view of product quality, but the model can help them to shorten delays and eliminate distortions.
distortion
انحراف
- They can hols a grossly exaggerated view of product quality, but the model can help them to shorten delays and eliminate distortions.
yield
تسلیم کردن/شدن، ارزانی داشتن
- Interviews can not yield data rich enough to be useful in developing SD.
- They will yield only as we reclaim our Intuition and stop casting blame.
محصول، بازده
- The yield of their line in factory was low.
snowball effect
a process that starts from an initial state of small significance and builds upon itself, becoming larger
- It was just a kind of snowball effect.
hand in
تحویل دادن
- I should hand in assignments as they are due during the semester.
throughout
در کل، در سرتاسر
- My grades improve steadily throughout the term
defer the work until the last minute
defer the work until the last minute
crunch
a crucial point or situation, typically one at which a decision with important consequences must be made
بحران
- It is the crunch time, because the assignment backlog steadily built up.
put in
کنار آمدن با، اعمال کردن
- He start putting in long hours as it was the crunch time.
be consistent with
سازگار بودن با
- Make sure your graphs are consistent with stock and flow relationships among variables.
aspiration
wish, desire, ambition, ideal
آرمان، آرزو
- Relative to his aspiration, he boosted the effort put into each task.
insidious
harmful
موذی، خطرناک
- Sexually transmitted diseases can be insidious and sometimes without symptoms.
- His efforts to maintain quality created an insidious feedback.
vicious
bad, depraved, defective, dangerous
معیوب، فاسد، شریر
- The loop operates as a vicious cycle.
counterproductive
having the opposite of the desired effect, detrimental, disadvantegous
- Wouldn’t the grasshoppers realize that their efforts were actually counterproductive?
impaired
damaged, weak
مختل، ضعیف
- It is precisely when people are exhausted that their judgment is most impaired.
extenuating
mitigating
تخفیف دهنده
- Based on the genuine extenuating circumesrances, the faculty extended the due date.
genuine
real, actual, true
واقعی
- Based on the genuine extenuating circumesrances, the faculty extended the due date.
arise
rise, happen, occur, get up
برآمدن، به وجود آمدن، طلوع کردن
- Some pressure arise from observations of the grades the student’s peers receive.
amply
به طور بیش از حد، فراوان
- The term has been amply documented in many situations.
dissonance
ناهنجاری
- They lower their aspiration to relieve the dissonance between expectations and achievements.
endeavor
effort, try
تلاش کردن، سعی کردن
- He is endeavoring to help the Third World.
- Everyone endeavors to employ his capital so that its produce may be of greatest value.
pursue
follow, track, continue, follow up
تعقیب کردن، دنبال کردن
- By pursuing his own interest he promotes that to the society.
faith
belief, trust
اعتقاد، باور، عقیده
- It is the core of the faith that markets know best.
prone
متمایل
- It seems that the market will be prone to persistent disequilibrium and instability.
eqilibrate
- In many markets prices do not change fast enough to eqilibrate supply and demand.
outstrip
surpass, pas, leave behind
جاگذاشتن، پیشی گرفتن، سریعتر رفتن از
- The growing prices outstripped the federal benefits.
supplement
complete, fullfill
تکمیل کردن
- She took the job to supplement her husband’s income.
- They forced to seek private insurance to supplement the basic insurance.
stagnate
stop flowing, become trapped
راکد شدن، از حرکت ایستادن
- Number of registered vehicles grew fast while public transportation stagnated.
controversial
dialectic
بحث برانگیز
- Conceptualization of behavioral structure is often controversial.
disaggregate
separate
- In the late version of the model, the modeler disaggregated the construction of new roads from widening the existing ones.
noted
considerable
قابل ملاحظه، قابل توجه
- The delay between initiation of the construction process and the completion is noted.
keep sth at the accedpted level
- Traffic engineers seek to keep travle time at the accepted level.
compensate
give in exchange, retaliate, counterbalance
جبران کردن، تلافی کردن
- All loops compensate for any new road construction by increasing the traffic volume.
- Management compensated us for the time we worked.
- Apologies will not compensate for this damage.
unattractive
unappealing, disgusting
all the while
در تمام مدت
- All the while, the number of cars on the roads grow.
vain attempt
- They were pushing traffic farther into the countryside, in a vain attempt to ease congestion.
ridership
the number of passengers using a particular form of public transportation
deficit
کمبود، کسر درآمد
- If transit authority tries to close its deficit by cost cutting, service and quality erode.
cut
reduce the amount or quantity of
کاهش دادن
- By their cost cutting plan, the frequency of service cut.
choke off
to prevent or stop the free flow of sth
to suddenly stop the movement/progress of sth
جلو چیزی را گرفتن، باعث توقف شدن
- High tariffs choked off trade between the two countries.
- The agencz tries to choke off the smuggling into the US.
- The raising fares choke of ridership.
offset
خنثی کردن، متعادل کردن
- The transit authority attempts to build up the mass transit network to offset the eroding ridership.
be well suited to
بسیار مناسب برای
- The causal diagrams are well suited to represent interdependencies and feedbacks.
capture
gain, catch
- The new structure captures the relationship between incidence and prevalence.
- The causal diagrams are used to capture interdependencies and feedbacks.
capture someone’s imagination
to stimulate someone’s imagination
- The story of the young wizard has captured the imagination of the world’s children.
reservoir
مخزن پاب، منبع
derivative
مشتق
- The net rate of change of any stock is its derivative.
- It is the problematic derivative from the exposure to the toxins.
lag behind sth
عقب افتادن، نسبت به چیزی تاخیر داشتن
- Don’t lag behind us or you’ll get lost.
- The output lags behind input.
shrink
کوچک شدن، آب رفتن، چروک شدن
- The delivery rate exceeds the mailing rate and the stock of mail in transit shrinks.
- The workforce has shrunk to less than a thousand
buffer
lessen or moderate the impact of sth
- Without a stock of grain to buffer the differences between production and consumption, people would starve between harvests.
throughput
توان عملیاتی
arbitrary
hojdhvd
- The choice of time period is arbitrary.
inability
one of the most important limitation of causal diagrams is their inability to capture the stock and flow.
deplete
empty, unload, discharge, evacuate
خال کردن، تهی کردن
- Information about the size and composition of accounts payable can not be depleted by usage.
- Shipments to customers deplete finished inventory.
equivalent
similar, alike, resembling
برابر، معادل، مترادف
- Though the model is mathematically equivalent to the model with auxiliaries, it is harder to explain and modify.
numerator
صورت کسر
- In the reduced form, population enters the equation for the rate of change of population in both the numerator and denominator.
denominator
مخرج کسر
- In the reduced form, population enters the equation for the rate of change of population in both the numerator and denominator.
with the premise that
با این فرض (منطقی) که
- It should be replaced by providing economic model with the premise that inner-city businesses should be profitable and positioned to compete on a regional, national, and even international scale.
close the deficit
جلو کاهش چیزی را گرفتن
- If transit authority tries to close its deficit by cost cutting, service and quality erode.
cost cutting
کاهش هزینه
- If transit authority tries to close its deficit by cost cutting, service and quality erode.
poin into
- Inflows are represented by arrow pointing into the stock.
point out of
- Outflows are represented by arrow pointing out of the stock.
in effect
effectively, in essence, basically
- The prices remain in effect until it is changed.
- Testimony that in effect contradicted her earlier statement.
can be thought of as …
- In terms of a metaphor, a stock can be thought of as a bathtub and a flow can be thought of as a faucet and pipe assembly that fills or drains the stock.
in excess of
more than, greater than
- The book sold in excess of a million copies.
- The deficit is the yearly amount that the U.S. federal government spends in excess of its revenues, while the debt is the accumulation of all the previous deficits (less the debt that has been retired).
