System Architecture And Data Representation Flashcards
What is the purpose of the CPU?
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) carries out instructions from programs by performing basic arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations.
What is the Von Neumann architecture?
A computer architecture model where the same memory and data bus are used for both data and instructions.
What does MAR stand for and what is its function?
MAR stands for Memory Address Register. It holds the memory address of the data or instruction that needs to be accessed.
What is the function of the MDR (Memory Data Register)?
MDR temporarily holds data that is being transferred to or from memory.
What does the Program Counter do?
It holds the address of the next instruction to be executed.
What is the role of the Accumulator?
It stores intermediate arithmetic and logic results in the CPU.
What are the functions of the ALU, CU, and Cache?
• ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.
• CU (Control Unit): Directs operations of the processor.
• Cache: Small, fast memory that stores frequently accessed data.
What happens during the fetch-decode-execute cycle?
- Fetch: The CPU retrieves an instruction from memory.
- Decode: The instruction is interpreted.
- Execute: The instruction is carried out.
How do CPU characteristics affect performance?
• Clock speed: Higher speed means more instructions per second.
• Cache size: Larger cache allows more data to be stored close to the CPU.
• Number of cores: More cores allow multiple tasks to run simultaneously.
What is an embedded system?
A computer system with a dedicated function within a larger device, like a washing machine or microwave.
Give examples of embedded systems.
Digital cameras, washing machines, microwaves, fitness trackers.
