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System Design and Analysis > System Architecture > Flashcards

System Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Client-Server Architecture?

A

It is a distributed system with two separate entities i.e. the client and the server, the client requests resources and services from the server while the server provides them on demand.

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2
Q

What are the types of Client-Servers(Type of Clients)?

A

There are 3 types of Client-Sever Systems:
1. Thin Client: In this system, the client is a lightweight device that provides only basic functionality and the majority of processing is done on the server.

  1. Fat Client and Thick Client: In these systems the client is a powerful device that is capable of storing data and performing complex task. But the Thick client differs in that it can have it’s own database and be independent from the server.
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3
Q

What is the distributed computing model and what are its components and their roles?

A

The distributed computing model is a model where tasks are divided between several computers(clients and servers) that work together to achieve the same goals.
Clients can:
- Request for data and resources
- Perform tasks on their own
- Share data between themselves
- Communicate with each other to coordinate tasks

Servers Can:
- Handle requests for data and resources
- Process request and return results back to clients
- Manage data
- Coordinate tasks between clients

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of the client-server Architecture?

A
  1. Decentralization: Clients and servers are separate entities that communicate with each other
  2. Distribution: Clients and servers can be located in different locations
  3. Interoperability: Clients and servers can communicate using standardized protocols
  4. Scalability: Clients and servers can be added and removed as needed based on demand
  5. Flexibility: Clients and servers can be configured to support different applications and services
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5
Q

What are the components of a client-server system or architecture?

A

There are three main components of the client-server architecture which are:
1. The Client: Programs with the responsibility of sending requests to the server and processing the resulting response e.g. Email clients, web browsers, and Mobile Applications.

  1. The Server: Programs with the responsibility of responding to client requests with a response or the requested service or resource. e.g. Web, Application, and Database servers.
  2. Communication Protocols: The rules that cover communication and data transfer between the server and client e.g. SMTP, HTTP, and FTP.
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6
Q

What are the types of requests that exist?

A
  1. Synchronous request: where the client sends a request to the server and waits for the response before continuing with another task.
  2. Asynchronous request: where the clients send a request to the server and immediately continue with another task while waiting for a response.
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7
Q

Explain the request-response cycle.

A

The client sends a request to the server for a service or resource, the server processes the request, the server responds to the request with the resource of service requested or with an error message, and the client processes the response accordingly

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8
Q

What are the types of client-server architectures?

A

There are 3 types of client-server architectures which include:
1. Two-tier architecture: Here the client and server are on separate machines, the client handles presentation logic while the server handles business logic and data access

  1. Three-tier architecture: Here there are three components the client, the application server, and the database server, the client handles presentation logic, the application server handles business logic and data access and the database server handles data storage and retrieval.
  2. Service-Oriented Architecture: Here the server responds to the client with reusable services that the client interacts with.
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9
Q

What are the functions of the client-server architecture?

A

-> The client initiates a request, sends a request to the server, and processes the response accordingly
-> The server processes client requests and responds with the requested resource or service or an error response

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10
Q

What are the advantages of the client-server architecture?

A

-> Clients don’t need heavy processing power as most of the processing is done on the server

-> The server provides data protection and control to data access as it provides authentication and authorization

-> The architecture is easy to scale as servers can be added to handle a change or increase in requirements

-> Data and resources are easy to manage and update as they are all stored on the server

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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of the client-server architecture?

A

-> It uses and relies on a network connection which can sometimes be slow and or unreliable
-> If the servers fail the entire architecture fails
-> It is difficult to manage multiple tiers like the server, client, and database

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12
Q

What is an object server and what is its function?

A

An object server is a type of server used for storing and managing objects, it acts a middleman between clients and a database, allowing clients
to access and manipulate data in the database.

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13
Q

What is a middleware and what are the types of middleware?

A

A middleware is a software component that acts as an intermediary between components. Its types include:
1. Messaging, and Application server middlewares: Both act as intermediaries between servers and clients
2. Data Access Middleware: It acts as an intermediary between the client and a database

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14
Q

What are the five main technologies used in building client-server applications?

A

Acronym: DD-GIT
Database Servers
Distributed Objects
Groupware
Intranets
Tp Monitors

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15
Q

Differentiate between cloud and cloud computing?

A

The cloud is a network or remote servers, that users can access over the internet to store, manage and process data, while
Cloud computing means providing computing services that users can access over the internet, and using the computing services
without having to manage the underlying infrastructure

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16
Q

What are the layers of the Cloud computing model and Draw its diagram in detail?

A

Acronym: HOVA
Its layers include the Hardware, Operating system, Virtualization, and Application Layer

17
Q

What are the characteristics/Advantages of cloud computing?

A
  1. Users can access computing services on demand without having to talk to someone else
  2. Users with the help of a device connected to the internet can access computing services from anywhere
  3. Cloud resources can be pooled together and dynamically allocated, de-allocated, or re-allocated
  4. Users get to pay only for the resources they use
  5. The cloud can easily be scaled to handle a change in demand
18
Q

What are the types of cloud deployment models?

A

The main 3 cloud deployment models depend on who owns and operates the cloud infrastructure:
Public cloud -> A third party
Private Cloud -> A Single Organization
Community cloud -> Multiple organizations with similar goals
Then we have:
The Hybrid Cloud: It is a combination of several different clouds into one.

19
Q

What are the different types of cloud computing service models?

A

The 3 main types of cloud computing service models are defined by what they provide:
Infrastructure as a service(IaaS) -> computing services
Platform as a Service(PaaS) -> platforms for creating, deploying, and managing applications
Software as a Service(SaaS) -> applications over the internet

20
Q

What are the disadvantages of cloud computing?

A

There are several disadvantages to cloud computing, a few of them are:
-> Cloud service providers may have access to sensitive data
-> The cloud can only be accessed while online
-> Data stored in the cloud can be subject to jurisdictional laws out of a user’s control

21
Q

What is the OSI model and why is it called the OSI model?

A

The Open System Interconnection Model is a 7-layered reference model that defines how data is transmitted over a network.
It was developed by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO). and they named it so.

22
Q

What is network architecture? and what are its types and draw them?

A

It is the design and Organization of computer networks. Its types include WANs, MANs, and LANs.

23
Q

What are the types of guided media?

A

Copper Wire, Coaxial Cable, and Fibre Optics

24
Q

What are the types of wireless media?

A

Radio waves, Micro Waves, and Infrared

25
Q

What are some factors affecting wireless communication?

A

Line of sight
Interference
Distance

26
Q

What are some factors affecting data rate?

A

Bandwidth, Latency, Noise, and Interference

27
Q

What is an Information system?

A

An information system is a collection of hardware, software, people, data, and procedures responsible for generating information, that supports the day-to-day activities of an organization used by the users in the organization

28
Q

What are the components of an Organization?

A

There are three main components of an organization:
1. The Effective system: This is the lower level of an organization, and is responsible for handling the data to data activities of the organization

  1. The Decision system: This is the higher level of an organization and is responsible for defining the flow of data and function of the organization, and make decisions to be executed by the effective system
  2. Information System
29
Q

What are the components of an Information System?

A

The components of an information system include:
1. Hardware resources: The physical components used for collecting and storing data

  1. Software resources: The instructions that process data to information
  2. Data resources: Raw facts
  3. Procedures: The instructions on how users should operate the system
  4. People resources: The end users of the information system, and the information system specialist who developed the information system.
30
Q

What is a CBIS?

A

It is an information system, that relies on computer technology to perform its tasks.

31
Q

What are the functions of an information system?

A

-> data collection
-> data storage
-> data processing
-> data retrieval
-> data analysis

32
Q

What are the steps involved in building an information system?

A

-> System Analysis
-> Determination of needs
-> System Design
-> System Implementation
-> Testing
-> Maintainance

33
Q

What are the types of Information systems?

A

There are 6 types of information systems:
1. Office IS: They combine hardware software and networks to facilitate employee communication and workflow

  1. Transaction Processing Systems: They collect and process data during the day-to-day activities of an organization
  2. Management IS: They generate information that can be used by managers and users, to make decisions, solve problems, and track and monitor activities.
  3. Decision Support Systems: They help users make decisions when decision-making situations arise.
  4. Expert systems: They collect and store the knowledge of experts and simulate their reasoning to help those who don’t have said expertise
  5. Integrated IS: A combination of several information systems

System Design and Analysis (3 decks)

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