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AWS Certifications > SysOps Associate Exam > Flashcards

SysOps Associate Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What services can CloudWatch Monitor?

A 
EC2 instances
EBS volumes
Elastic Load Balancers
Auto Scaling groups
EMR job flows
RDS DB instances
DynamoDB tables
ElastiCache clusters
RedShift clusters
OpsWorks stacks
Route 53 health checks
SNS topics
SQS queues
SWF workflows
Storage Gateways.
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2
Q

What EC2 Metrics can CloudWatch monitor by default?

A

CPU
Network
Disk
Status Check

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3
Q

Can CloudWatch Monitor Ram (memory) by default?

A

No

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4
Q

What is the default monitoring interval of CloudWatch?

A

5 minutes

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5
Q

Enabling this level of monitoring allows CloudWatch to monitor every minute instead of the default 5.

A

Detailed Monitoring

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6
Q

When can CloudWatch Detailed Monitoring be turned on?

A

At launch or after the instance is running or stopped

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7
Q

By default, how far back will CloudWatch show metrics in the console?

A

2 weeks after a metric is last ingested

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8
Q

How can I get CloudWatch metric data older than 2 weeks?

A

Use GetMetricStatistics API call

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9
Q

How long are EC2 and ELB metrics available after termination?

A

2 weeks

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10
Q

Can CloudWatch default metrics be any less than 1 minute?

A

No

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11
Q

List the two types of EC2 status checks

A

System Status Check

Instance Status Check

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12
Q

How do you repair an EC2 System Status Check?

A

Stop and Start to resolve the issue

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13
Q

How do you repair an EC2 Instance Status Check?

A

Reboot the instance to resolve the issue

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14
Q

How many IOPS/GiB can an General Purpose SSD provide?

A

3 IOPS/GiB

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15
Q

What is the maximum volume size and IOPS of a General Purpose SSD?

A

16 TiB

10,000 IOPS

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16
Q

EBS volume can consume _% to __% of IOPS when attached for the first time to an instance.

A

5% to 50%

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17
Q

Do new EBS volumes need to be pre-warmed?

A

No

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18
Q

(Outdated but potentially important)

How can you pre-warm a new EBS volume?

A

Write to all blocks

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19
Q

How can you pre-warm an existing EBS volume with data in it from S3?

A

Read all blocks

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20
Q

EBS _____________ Metrics show how many read/write request in queue which can slow down performance.

A

volumeQueueLength

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21
Q

EBS Queue length should be ______if this is more, then upgrade to more ______.

A

Zero

IOPS

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22
Q

What are the 4 EBS Volume status checks?

A

Ok
Warning
Impaired
Insufficient Data

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23
Q

[EBS Volume Status Checks]

What does the EBS volume status ‘OK’ mean?

A

EBS Volume is normal

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24
Q

[EBS Volume Status Checks]

What does the EBS volume status ‘Warning’ mean?

A

EBS Volume is Degraded or Severely Degraded

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25
Q

[EBS Volume Status Checks]

What does the EBS volume status ‘Impaired’ mean?

A

EBS Volume is Stalled/Not Available

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26
Q

[EBS Volume Status Checks]

What does the EBS volume status ‘Insufficient Data’ mean?

A

Insufficient Data on EBS Volume

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27
Q

What two ways can RDS metrics be monitored?

A

Cloudwatch

RDS Events

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28
Q

What are the 8 key RDS metrics?

A 
DatabaseConnections
DiskQueueDepth
FreeStorageSpace
ReplicaLog
ReadIOPS
WriteIOPS
ReadLatency
WriteLatency
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29
Q

How frequently does ELB report metrics by default?

A

Every minute

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30
Q

Does ELB report metrics if there is no traffic?

A

No

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31
Q

What are the two key ELB metrics?

A

SurgeQueueLength

SpillOverCount

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32
Q

What is the ELB metric SurgeQueueLength?

A

No. of requests pending for submission

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33
Q

What is the ELB metric SpillOverCount?

A

No. of requests that got rejected when queue was full

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34
Q

What are the two types of Elasticache?

A

Memcache

Reddis

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35
Q

Memcache is _________ and can handle a CPU load of up to __%.

A

Multithreaded

90%

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36
Q

Reddis is _________ and can only handle a low CPU utilization of ___%

A

Not Multithreaded

(90/no. of nodes)%

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37
Q

Swap Usage is the amount of ______ file usage

A

Swap

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38
Q

Swap size = _____ size

A

RAM

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39
Q

Memcache swap use should be __ Mb but not more than __Mb

A

0; 50

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40
Q

If Memcache swap size is greater than 50Mb what API call should you check?

A

memchached_connections_overhead

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41
Q

Reddis uses _____ memory which means what?

A

Reserve memory; No swap usage metrics

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42
Q

General rule of Evictions in Elasticache says if a _____ item is added then an ____ item must be removed.

A

new item; old item;

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43
Q

To handle evictions for Memcache, how should you scale?

A

Scale up

Scale out

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44
Q

How do you decide you eviction threshold with Memcache?

A

Based on your application

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45
Q

To handle evictions for Reddis, how should you scale?

A

Scale Up

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46
Q

How do you decide you eviction threshold with Reddis?

A

There is no standard threshold

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47
Q

If there is a concurrent Connection issue with Memcache and/or Reddis, what does this indicate?

A

Large traffic spike or application is not releasing connection

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48
Q

Which services offer root access?

A

Elastic Beanstalk
EMR
EC2
Opswork

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49
Q

To handle a sudden spike in ELB, you need to contact AWS support with what details?

A

Timeline
Requests/Second
Request/Response Size

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50
Q

OpsWork consists of ________ and ________.

A

Stacks; Layers

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51
Q

OpsWorks runs on _____.

A

Chef

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52
Q

In OpsWork, layers contain AWS resources such as…

A

EC2
ELB
RDS

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53
Q

In OpsWork, layers are like _____, ______, and _______ layer.

A

Web; Application; Database

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54
Q

In OpsWork, each stack will have how many layers?

A

1 or more

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55
Q

What are the preconfigured layers in OpsWork?

A

Application
Database
Load Balancers
Caching

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56
Q

What happens to any EC2 instance added outside of the OpsWork stack in ELB?

A

OpsWork will remove

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57
Q

How can you simulate a CloudWatch Alarm?

A

Use the CLI to trigger an alarm

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58
Q

What are the three CloudWatch alarm states?

A

OK
ALARM
INSUFFICIENT_DATA

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59
Q

What does the CloudWatch Alarm state ‘OK’ mean?

A

Metrics is within threshold

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60
Q

What does the CloudWatch Alarm state ‘ALARM’ mean?

A

Metrics is outside of threshold

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61
Q

What does the CloudWatch Alarm state ‘INSUFFICIENT_DATA’ mean?

A

Not enough data available

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62
Q

What is the only way you can temporarily disable a CloudWatch Alarm?

A

Using the CLI

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63
Q

CloudWatch doesn’t have Aggregate metrics available. Instead it has which five metrics?

A 
average
min
max
sum
data samples
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64
Q

What do you need to enable first before you can setup a billing alarm on CloudWatch?

A

Billing Alert

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65
Q

What is the default timestamp in CloudWatch and how can you change it?

A

UTC;

Change it to local timezone in the console

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66
Q

CloudWatch detailed monitoring is not available for which services?

A

EMR and SNS

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67
Q

To send your own metrics to cloudwatch, use the ____________ command with __________ parameter.

A

put-metrics-data

statics-value

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68
Q

In CloudWatch, the size of HTTP GET request is __ and POST request is ____ and it is mandatory to pass what?

A

8KB
40KB
Mandatory to pass namespace

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69
Q

[Review Question]

When sending metrics to Cloudwatch it can have ___ weeks past time stamp and ____ hours future time stamp.

A

2 week; 2 hours

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70
Q

If you are sending metrics to CloudWatch and there is no timestamp, what will CloudWatch mark the timestamp as?

A

In case of no timestamp , CloudWatch will mark timestamp as current timestamp

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71
Q

To find exact time data in CloudWatch, the user can use what to get an exact time range?

A

‘Absolute’ tab under CloudWatch

72
Q

You can publish your own metrics in CloudWatch by using API or CLI by supplying what?

A

The file as an input command

73
Q

How can you see more granular data in CloudWatch?

A

Select interval using the mouse

74
Q

You can aggregate CPU utilization data in cloudwatch by….

A

AMD ID

75
Q

What is the CloudWatch end point format for zone us-east-1?

A

monitoring.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

76
Q

If you delete your ELB then what will happen to your registered EC2 instances?

A

They will keep running

77
Q

What is the ELB connection draining default timeout?

A

300 seconds

78
Q

What is the max ELB connection draining timeout?

A

3600 seconds (1 Hour)

79
Q

What do you have enable for ELB in an auto scaling group so that autoscaling can terminate an unhealthy instance?

A

Health Check

80
Q

What happens if you try to schedule two auto scaling processes at one?

A

It won’t allow you to schedule the second and will throw a conflict error.

81
Q

Autoscaling process will be suspend if it can not launch resource in ____ hours.

A

24 hours

82
Q

If you suspend termination then Auto scaling can grow __% beyond max instance size due to AZ rebalance.

A

10%

83
Q

In Auto Scaling, if AddToELB is suspended, what will happen if you add an EC2 instance?

A

Instance will not register with ELB and user have to register them manually after resume.

84
Q

Which three services offer free detail monitoring?

A

Auto Scaling
ELB
Route 53

85
Q

AutoScaling will ______ the unhealthy instance first and then ______ the new instance.

A

Terminate; Launch

86
Q

You can add more subnets in ELB while it is running using what command?

A

elb-enable-availability-zone-for-load-balancer

87
Q

To avoid new instance launch during reboot from Auto Scaling you need to use what auto scaling command to change the instance state to healthy?

A

set-instance-health

88
Q

If detailed monitoring is disabled for an current auto-scaling group, how would you enable it?

A

The user will need to define new launch configuration group with detail monitoring enable and attach it to ASG.

89
Q

ELB has _______________ check which will ensure if one region fails then hop request to another region.

A

evaluate target health

90
Q

ELB’s ____________ command can log client IP addresses so you can filter traffic using particular ip address if required .

A

x-forwarded-for

91
Q

ELB creates __ security group by default for EC2-VPC however EC2-classic creates __ security group by default.

A

1; 2

92
Q

What do you need to define during AMI creation?

A

You need AWS account ID
X.509 certificate with private key
AWS account access key id/secret access key.

93
Q

During AMI creation you don’t need to define the AMI _______.

A

AMI launch permission

94
Q

For EC2-Classic, Elastic IP (EIP) gets _________ when you stop it.

A

disassociated

95
Q

For EC2-VPC, what happens to the Elastic IP (EIP) when you stop the instance?

A

It remains attached

96
Q

How many Elastic IPs can you have per region?

A

5

97
Q

What happens if you connect to an EC2 instance but enter the wrong user id?

A

EC2 throws a “host key not found” error if you enter wrong user id.

98
Q

If an EC2 instance gets terminated, where can you find the reason for the termination

A

Under “state transition reason” property in the console

99
Q

[True or false]

Taking snapshot of a EBS volume can cause performance issue due to increase I/O.

A

True

100
Q

A user can set which attribute to avoid accidental termination of EC2. instance?

A

DisableApiTermination

101
Q

EC2 Optimized EBS instances are just instances with what?

A

A “dedicated” connection to EBS volumes

102
Q

CloudFormation has capability to add bootstrap scripts to an EC2 instance while spinning up but you can not configure a ______ using it.

A

service

103
Q

During an AMI copy AWS does not copy what?

A

launch permission
user defined tags
Amazon S3 bucket permissions

104
Q

A windows based instance store backed AMI can or can’t be converted to EBS backed AMI.

A

can’t be converted to EBS backed AMI.

105
Q

For a Windows instance, the instance console output displays how many of the last system events log errors.

A

3

106
Q

S3 ACL permission [can/cannot] be provided to an individual IAM user

A

cannot

107
Q

In S3, if you don’t want to use the AWS provided AES-256 encryption then you need to send what with each API call?

A

You need to send encryption key and algorithm

108
Q

Can you have different encryption for different versions of same object?

A

Yes

109
Q

In S3, what can you use to see storage and access pattern to identify less frequent storage?

A

S3 storage analytics

110
Q

S3 bucket policies will provide what level access to all objects in bucket by default?

A

bucket level access

111
Q

How do you enable folder upload in S3?

A

Enable enhanced upload option from S3 console

112
Q

Once you restore object from Glacier, will its object class change?

A

Object class always going to stay as Glacier and will not change to RRS or IA.

113
Q

When creating event for RDS Snapshots, what event categories are available?

A

creation
deletion
notification
restoration

114
Q

[True/False]

You can enable/disable a event from console to stop notifications temporarily .

A

True

115
Q

What is the default maintenance window for RDS if the user has not provided one?

A

30 minutes

116
Q

What will AWS use default maintenance windows on RDS for?

A

Security patching and scale operation only

117
Q

Can a PostgreSQL read replica be cross region?

A

No

118
Q

Can a MySQL read replica be cross region?

A

Yes

119
Q

Creating a read replica for RDA can impact minor performance due to suspension of what during snapshot creation?

A

IO

120
Q

For MySQL always use _____ engine for better backup and restore.

A

InnoDB

121
Q

______ for MySQL does not support reliable crash recovery mechanism.

A

MyISAM

122
Q

The three RDS metrics in Cloudwatch are…

A

DiskQueueDepth (should be 0)
Write Latency
Replica log

123
Q

How do you implement failover for hardcoded IP addresses inside of a VPC?

A

Create a secondary ENI and assign a secondary private IP address to primary ENI that can be move to failover instance.

124
Q

CloudFormation uses ________ to resolve dependency between resource creation.

A

wait condition

125
Q

Can you delete an SQS queue if it has a message in it?

A

Yes

126
Q

What happens to the messages in an SQS queue if you delete the queue.

A

All message will get deleted automatically.

127
Q

SQS queue sample URL is :

A

https://sqs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/789211807855/myfirstqueue

128
Q

In case of inactivity in SQS, AWS will delete it after __ days.

A

30

129
Q

How many tags per resource are allowed?

A

50

130
Q

What is the max value of a tag?

A

255 characters

131
Q

Are key values case sensistive?

A

Yes

132
Q

In a tag, what prefix is reserved?

A

aws:

133
Q

How could a user setup his own billing management?

A

Setting up programmatic access to aws billing and parse that according to his need.

134
Q

______ account send request to _____ account to make them part of consolidated billing.

A

Payee; link

135
Q

You can add up to ___ DNS in DHCP along with domain name.

A

4

136
Q

An account can have ___ groups.

A

100

137
Q

An account can have ___ users.

A

500

138
Q

An account can have ___ roles.

A

250

139
Q

Does CloudWatch aggregate data across regions?

A

No, metrics are completely separate between regions.

140
Q

If you manage resources in multiple regions, you can create a ___________ to view resources from different regions on the same screen.

A

resource group

141
Q

Do you have to wait for a snapshot to finish before using it?

A

No

142
Q

Which SSL protocols does AWS ELB support?

A

TLS 1.0
TLS 1.1
TLS 1.2

143
Q

True or False: There is a surcharge when using Enhanced Networking with EC2.

A

False

144
Q

True or False: New changes to IAM allow you associate an email address with any IAM user.

A

False

145
Q 
Which of the following are valid IAM access keys?
Public Access Key
Private Access Key
Secret Access Key
Access key
A

Secret Access Key

Access key

146
Q

You have set CloudWatch billing alarms for your instances running in eu-west-2. However, when you try to access the billing information and alarms, no information is visible. Why might this be?

A

Billing and Alarm data can be accessed only from the us-east-1 region.

147
Q

Which of the API call displays the details of a given CloudWatch dashboard?

A

GetDashboard

148
Q

You’re using CloudFormation to launch a stack that will host your application. However, you want to configure the application on your EC2 instance before CloudFormation spins-up your autoscaling group and your ELB. How can you accomplish this?

A

Associate a CreationPolicy with the AutoScaling Group and a WaitCondition with the load balancer, delaying their completion until after the EC2 instance has been configured.

149
Q

There are issues with your RDS database, and you need to restore it to the way it was at 4:00 am yesterday. What RDS option would allow you to do so?

A

RDS Automated Backups

150
Q

If you use an IAM user to copy an instance-store-backed AMI, the user must have which Amazon S3 permissions?

A

s3: PutObject
s3: CreateBucket
s3: GetObject

151
Q

A member of the Operations team has done some analysis and discovered that at certain times of the day your cost per message processed jumps enormously. Which parameter would you suggest she change?

A

WaitTimeSeconds

152
Q

What is the maximum S3 object size?

A

5TB

153
Q

True or False: EBS encryption does not support boot volumes.

A

False

154
Q

You’re an ops manager, and you want one of your AWS accounts to receive the price breaks associated with Consolidated Billing for Organizations. What needs to happen for you to be included in the Organization and receive the discounted pricing?

A

The Master account must send you an invitation to join your account with theirs, and you must accept.

155
Q

Which of the API call is used to return a subset of CloudWatch Log events?

A

FilterLogEvents

156
Q

What is the default limit for the number of subnets you can have in a Region?

A

200

157
Q

What is the CLI command used to remove a subnet from and Elastic Load Balancer?

A

detach-load-balancer-from-subnets

158
Q

By default, what’s the maximum number of launch configurations you may have per region?

A

100

159
Q

What is the correct CloudWatch metrics namespace for CloudWatch Logs?

A

AWS/Logs

160
Q

What are the two types of Elastic Load Balancer (Classic) sticky sessions?

A

Duration-based session stickiness and application-controlled session stickiness.

161
Q

Is it possible to share an AMI across AWS Regions?

A

AMIs must be copied to another region. One cannot simply share them.

162
Q

True or False: A CloudFormation template may use only the JSON format.

A

False. CloudFormation may use either a JSON or YAML-format.

163
Q

True or False: Network ACLs are stateless.

A

True

164
Q

True or False: Security Groups are stateless.

A

False

165
Q

True or False: In a Multi-AZ RDS deployment, the Standby instance serves read operations and will be promoted to Primary in the event of a failure.

A

False

You do not interact directly with the Standby instance (e.g. for read operations) at any point prior to its promotion to Primary.

166
Q

True or False: You can use Paths to order IAM users hierarchically.

A

True

167
Q

To register targets and correctly route requests, the Application Load Balancer’s listeners need a rule that specifies a ________ .

A

Target Group

168
Q

Following a multi-AZ RDS failover, which record is changed from the primary to the standby?

A

CNAME

169
Q

What is the name of the document that tells Auto Scaling how to respond to events and alarms?

A

Policy

170
Q

True or False: CloudWatch Logs cannot be used to monitor your applications and systems in real-time.

A

False

171
Q

When creating an EBS volume, which parameters can be chosen from the AWS Console?

A

Size
Encryption
SnapshotID

172
Q

True or False: S3 provides read-after-write consistency for POSTs of new objects.

A

False

S3 provides read-after-write consistency for PUTs of new objects and eventual consistency of overwrite PUTs and DELETEs.

173
Q

Which API call is used to describe the state of a specified instance with respect to the specified load balancer?

A

DescribeInstanceHealth

174
Q

What are the valid EC2 Auto-Scaling instance health statuses?

A

Healthy

Unhealthy

175
Q

What is the general limit for each AWS account for the maximum umber of EBS snapshots that can be created by default?

A

10,000

AWS Certifications (4 decks)

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