SysAdmin Flashcards
What is Active Directory?
Provides centralized control for network administrators and security. Stores all Information and settings for a deployment in a central database and allows administrators to assign policies and deploy and update software.
What is a domain?
A logical group of network objects (computers, users, devices) that share the same Active Directory database.
What is a Domain Controller?
A computer system that is used for storing user account data in a central database. The centerpiece of the Active Directory that authenticates users, stores user account information and enforces security policies for a domain. Allows system administrators to grant or deny users access to system resources such as printers, documents, folders, network locations, etc., via a single username and password.
What is Group Policy?
Allows administrators to implement specific configurations for users and computers. Group Policy settings are contained in Group Policy Objects (GPOs) which are linked to the following Active Directory service containers: sites, domains or organizational units (OUs).
What are GPOs (Group Policy Objects)?
A collection of settings that control the working environment of user accounts and computer accounts. They define registry based policies, security options, software installations and maintenance options, script options and folder redirection options.
What is LDAP?
Light-Weight Directory Access Protocol determines how an object in AD should be named. It is the industry standard access protocol, making AD widely accessible to management and query applications.
Where is the AD database stored?
C:\windows\NTDS\NTDS.DIT
What is the SYSVOL folder?
Stores the server copy of the domain’s public files that must be shared for common access and replication throughout a domain. All AD databases are stored in a SYSVOL folder and it’s created in an NTFS partition. The AD database is stored in the %SYSTEM ROOT% folder.
What is garbage collection?
The online defragmentation of AD which happens every 12 hours.
What is WDS?
Windows Deployment Services is a server roll used to deploy Windows operating systems remotely. Mainly used for network-based OS installations to setup new computers.
What is DNS and which port number does it use?
Domain Name System is used to resolve hostnames or domain names to IP addresses. It uses UDP port 53 or TCP port 53 if the former is not accepted.
What are the main email protocols and their ports?
Incoming: POP3, IMAP, HTTP
Outgoing: SMTP
Ports: POP3 - 110 Secure POP3 (SSL-POP) - 995 IMAP - 143 IMAP4 over SSL (IMAPS) - 993 SMTP - 25/587 Secure SMTP (SSMTP) - 465
What are Forests, Trees, and Domains?
Logical divisions in an AD network.
Domain: logical group of network objects that share the same AD database.
Tree: collection of one or more domains and domain trees in a contiguous namespace linked in a transitive trust hierarchy.
Forests: a collection of trees that share a common global catalog, directory schema, logical structure, and directory configuration. Represents the security boundary within which users, computers, groups and other objects are accessible.
What is DHCP?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol assigns dynamic IP addresses to network devices allowing them to have a different IP address each time they are connected to the network.
What are Lingering Objects?
A deleted AD object that still remains on a restored domain controller in its local copy of AD. They can occur when charges are made to directories after system backups are created.
When restoring a backup file, AD generally requires that the backup file be no more than 180 days old. This can happen if, after the backup was made, the object was deleted on another DC more than 180 days ago.
