Sys. & Regions; Systems of the Body Flashcards
To learn all eleven systems that the human body has & a generalization of how they all work.
Skeletal System
Articular System
Consists of the skeletal of bones and their peritoneum, and the ligaments which secure the bones at it’s joints.
Ensheath the body wall/skeletal muscles & contribute to the body’s structural stability.
Articular system comprises the joints, both movable & fixed & the related structures, including joint capsules, synovial membranes & discs/menisci.
Muscular System
Includes the skeletal muscles which move the skeleton, the face and other structures & give form to the body; the cardiac muscle of the heart walls; and the smooth muscle of the walls of viscera and vessels and in the skin.
Cardiovascular System
Consists of the 4-chambered heart, arteries conducting blood to the tissues, capillaries through which nutrients, gases, and molecular material pass to and from the tissue & veins returning blood from the tissue to the heart.
It also includes the lymphatic system.
Lymphatic System
A system of vessels assisting the veins in recovering the boy’s tissue fluids & returning them to the heart. The body is about 60% water, & the veins alone are generally incapable of meeting the demands of tissue drainage. Lymph nodes filter lymph & are located throughout the body.
Nervous System
Consists of impulse-generating/conducting tissue organized into a central nervous system (brain & spinal cord), & a peripheral nervous system (nerves) that includes the visceral (automatic) nervous system involved in involuntary “fight or flight” & vegetative responses.
Endocrine System
Consists of glands which secrete chemical agents (hormones) into the tissue fluids & blood, affecting the function of multiple areas of the body.
many of these glands are under some control by the brain (hypothalamus). Hormones help maintain balanced metabolic functions in many of the body’s systems.
Integumentary System
Is the skin, replete with glands, sensory receptors, vessels, immune cells & antibodies, and layers of cells & keratin resisting environmental factors harmful to the body.
Respiratory System
consists of the upper (nose through larynx) & lower respiratory tract (trachea through the air spaces of the lungs). Most of the tract is airway; only the air spaces (alveoli) & very small bronchioles exchange gases b/w alveoli & the lung capillaries.
Digestive System
Is concentrated w/ the breakdown, digestion & assimilation of food & excretion of the residua. its tract begins w/ the mouth, continues down to the abdomen wherein it takes a convoluted course to open again @ the anus.
Associated glands include the liver & pancreas, including the biliary system (gall bladder & related ducts).
Urinary System
Concerned w/ the conservation of water & maintenance of a neutral acid0base balance in the body fluids. The kidneys are the main functionaries of this system; residual fluid (urine) is excreted through ureters to the urinary bladder for retention & discharged to the outside through the urethra.
Immune/Lymphoid System
Consists of organs concerned w/ body defense: thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils & smaller aggregates of lymphoid tissue.
Includes a diffuse arrangement of immune-related cells throughout the body, is concerned w/ resistance to invasive micro-organisms & the removal of damaged and/or otherwise abnormal cells.
Female Reproductive System
Concerned w/ the secretion of sex hormones, production & transportation of germ cells (ova), receipt & transport of male germ cells to the fertilization site, maintenance of the developing embryo/fetus, & initial sustenance of the newborn.
Male Reproductive System
Concerned w/ the secretion of male sex hormones, formation & maintenance of germ cells (sperm), & transport of germ cells to the female genital tract.
