Syria (forced migration) Flashcards
Causes of forced migration
Push factors
CIVIL WAR: led to death of innocent people, resulting in high death toll.
HOMELESSNESS: 4.25 mil people have been made homeless & are living in camps inside Syria.
VIOLENCE: over 250,000 people have been killed and more have been kidnapped, raped or tortured as law enforcement are corrupt.
LACK OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: civil war has resulted in high unemployment & low economic potential.
AIRSTRIKES & MILITARY ACTION: destroyed cities.
BOMBS: people have fled their houses and local areas for fear of bombs + houses are inhabitable.
LACK OF EDUCATION: schools are destroyed/been moved underground so many children aren’t educated.
HEALTHCARE: facilities have been destroyed or closed.
Causes of forced migration Pull factors (Turkey)
WELCOMING: they’re accommodating for refugees. Have received approx 3.6 mil Syrian refugees. A 2016 poll showed 72% of Turks welcomed refugees. Laws/rules on the number of refugees has been relaxed.
LOW TRAVEL COST: Turkey is nearby so they have a shorter/cheaper distance to travel.
GOOD REFUGEE CAMPS: provide shelter for those who have lost their homes + camps provide basic services such as education, healthcare & necessities like water and food.
INVESTMENT: Turkey has invested $8 billion for refugees.
REDUCED CONFLICT: main religion is the same as Syria’s so there’s less potential for ethnic tension.
Impact on donor country (Syria)
BRAIN DRAIN: highly educated people are leaving (education, healthcare etc. suffer), so the people suffer as facilities struggle.
ECONOMIC DAMAGE: loss of future earners and more people relying on gov assistance. Prolonged violence and disruption has resulted in high unemployment and poor economic development - rural communities struggle with reduced services so move.
DETERIORATING INFRASTRUCTURE: lack of funding and workers has affected transportation - roads have deteriorated and transport has became infrequent or dangerous.
FOOD SHORTAGES: fewer people to tend to crops so there’s less food + corruption means supplies aren’t equally distributed.
Impact on receiving country (Turkey)
GROWTH: refugees causes growth in agricultural sector as they’ve brought new businesses, traditions, markets, skills etc. boosting the economy & consumption spending. Refugees fill jobs as they need an income, so contribute to the economy.
DISPLACEMENT OF TURKS: refugees displaced many female agricultural workers in low skilled jobs.
EXPENSIVE: Turkey has paid for schooling & specialist teachers to support language barriers = $$$.
DIVISION: migrants set up in established ‘ethnic communities’, meaning longterm division is created.
