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synthetic routes and conditions Flashcards

1
Q

alkane to haloalkane

A

free radical substitution
uv
halogen

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2
Q

alkene to alkane

A

hydrogen, nickel catalyst

hydrogenation

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3
Q

alkene to haloalkane

A

hydrogen halide
halogenation reaction
electrophilic addition

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4
Q

alkene to alcohol

A

hydration
steam
H3PO4

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5
Q

haloalkane to nitrile (-CN)

A

nucleophilic substitution

NaCN/ethanol/reflux

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6
Q

haloalkane to amine

A

nh3/ethanol

nucleophilic substitution

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7
Q

haloalkane to alcohol

A

nucleophilic substitution
NaOH (aq)
reflux

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8
Q

alcohol to alkene

A

elimination reaction

H3PO4, heat

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9
Q

alcohol to haloalkane

A

sodium halide, H2SO4

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10
Q

alcohol to ester

A

CA/acid anhydride/acyl chloride
H2SO4 conc
reflux
heat

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11
Q

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

acidified potassium dichromate

reflux

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12
Q

primary alcohol to aldehyde

A

acidified potassium dichromate

distil

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13
Q

secondary alcohol to ketone

A

acidified potassium dichromate
reflux
oxidation

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14
Q

aldehyde to primary alcohol

A

reduction

warm aqueous NaBH4

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15
Q

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN/H+ aq

to make HCN which is what reacts with aldehyde

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16
Q

aldehyde to CA

A

reflux
oxidation
acidified potassium dichromate

17
Q

ketone to secondary alcohol

A

warm aq NaBH4, reduction

18
Q

ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN/H+ aq

19
Q

CA to ester

A

alcohol

conc H2SO4

20
Q

CA to acyl chloride

21
Q

ester to CA

A

H2O in acid (e.g. dilute HCl acts as catalyst)
heat
reflux

22
Q

ester to carboxylate

A

NaOH
heat
hydrolysis reaction

23
Q

acyl chloride to CA

24
Q

acyl chloride to ester

A

alcohol
reflux
heat conc H2SO4

25
Q

acyl chloride to primary amide

26
Q

acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

primary amine

27
Q

nitrile to amine

A

na in ethanol, reflux

28
Q

nitrile to CA

A

H2O, HCl, heat

29
Q

hydroxynitrile to amine

A

na and ethanol, reflux

30
Q

hydroxynitrile to CA

A

H2O, HCl, heat

31
Q

benzene to halobenzene

A

X2, AlCl3 catalyst, warm

32
Q

benzene to phenylketone

A

acyl chloride, alcl3 catalyst, reflux

33
Q

benzene to alkyl benzene

A

haloalkane, alcl3 catalyst, reflux

34
Q

benzene to nitrobenzene

A

conc HNO3
conc H2SO4
warm

35
Q

nitrobenzene to phenylamine

A

tin, conc ccl
reflux
then naoh

36
Q

phenol to sodium phenoxide

A

NaOH, 20 degrees

37
Q

phenol to phenyl ester

A

acyl chloride, 20 degrees

38
Q

phenol to nitrophenol

A

dilute HNO3, 20 degrees

39
Q

phenol to tribromophenol

A

bromine water, 20 degrees

chem reaction pathways (1 decks)

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