Synthetic routes - aliphatic compounds Flashcards by lizzie white

Q

Alkane to Haloalkane

A

halogen

uv light - free radical substitution

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Q

Alkene to alkane

A

H2

Nickle catalyst

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Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

halogen halide

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Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

H2O (steam)

H3PO4

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Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

CN

ethanol

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Q

Haloalkane to amine

A

NH2

ethanol

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Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

NaOH(aq)

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Q

Alcohol to haloalkane

A

sodium halide

H2SO4

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Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

H2PO4 or H2SO4

heat

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Q

Secondary Alcohol to ketone

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4,

reflux

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Q

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4

distillation

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Q

Aldehyde to primary alcohol

A

NaBH4

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Q

Ketone to secondary alcohol

A

NaBH4

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Q

Primary alcohol to Carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4

reflux

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Q

Alcohol to ester

A

carboxylic acid/conc. H2SO4 OR acid anhydride

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Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

alcohol / conc H2SO4

Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

dilute acid

heat

Q

Ester to carboxylate ion and alcohol

A

OH-

alkaline hydrolysis

Q

Acyl chloride to ester

A

alcohol

Q

Acyl chloride to primary amide

A

NH3 or R’NH2

Q

Acyl chloride to secondary aminde

A

primary amine

Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H2O/HCl,

heat

Q

Hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H2O/HCl,

heat

Q

Hydroxynitrile to amine

A

H2/ Nickel catalyst