Synthetic routes Flashcards by Angelica Aleksandar

Q

alkene to haloalkane (3)

A

Hbr/HCl
room temp
electrophilic addition

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Q

alkene to alkane (3)

A

H2
nickel catalyst
addition/reduction

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Q

alkene to dihaloalkane (3)

A

Br2/Cl2
room temp
electrophilic addition

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Q

alkene to alcohol (2)

A

H2O

conc. H3PO4 catalyst

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Q

alcohol to alkene (2)

A

Conc. H2SO4/H3PO4

elimination/dehydration

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Q

alcohol to haloalkane (3)

A

NaBr/H2SO4
reflux
substitution

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Q

haloalkane to alcohol (3)

A

aqueous KOH
reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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Q

alcohol to aldehyde (2)

A

Acidified potassium dichromate

distillation

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Q

aldehyde to alcohol (2)

A

NaBH4

Reduction

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Q

alcohol to ketone (2)

A

Acidified potassium dichromate

reflux

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Q

aldehyde to carboxylic acid (3)

A

Acidified potassium dichromate
excess oxidising agent
reflux

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Q

ketone to hydroxynitrile (2)

A

HCN + KCN

Nucleophilic Addition

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Q

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile (2)

A

HCN + KCN

Nucleophilic Addition

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Q

carboxylic acid to ester (3)

A

alcohol
H2SO4
Heat

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Q

alcohol to ester (3)

A

carboxylic acid
H2SO4
Heat

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Q

carboxlic acid to acyl chloride (1)

A

SOCl2

Q

acyl chloride to carboxylic acid (2)

A

H2O

room temp

Q

acyl chloride to ester (2)

A

alcohol

room temp

Q

ketone to alcohol (2)

A

NaBH4

reduction

Q

acyl chloride to primary amide (2)

A

NH3

room temp

Q

acyl chloride to secondary amide (2)

A

primary amide

room temp

Q

haloalkane to amine (4)

A

alcoholic NH3
heat
pressure
nucleophilic substitution

Q

haloalkane to nitrile (3)

A

CN-
ethanol
nucleophilic substitution

Q

alkane to haloalkane (3)

A

BR2/CL2
UV light
free radical sub

nitrile to amine (2)

H2/ Ni catalyst | reduction

nitrile to carboxylic acid (3)

Heat HCl acid hydrolysis

amine to secondary/tertiary amine (2)

haloalkane | nucleophilic sub

amine to secondary amide (3)

Acyl chloride room temp nucleophilic add