Synthetic routes Flashcards
alkene to haloalkane (3)
Hbr/HCl
room temp
electrophilic addition
alkene to alkane (3)
H2
nickel catalyst
addition/reduction
alkene to dihaloalkane (3)
Br2/Cl2
room temp
electrophilic addition
alkene to alcohol (2)
H2O
conc. H3PO4 catalyst
alcohol to alkene (2)
Conc. H2SO4/H3PO4
elimination/dehydration
alcohol to haloalkane (3)
NaBr/H2SO4
reflux
substitution
haloalkane to alcohol (3)
aqueous KOH
reflux
nucleophilic substitution
alcohol to aldehyde (2)
Acidified potassium dichromate
distillation
aldehyde to alcohol (2)
NaBH4
Reduction
alcohol to ketone (2)
Acidified potassium dichromate
reflux
aldehyde to carboxylic acid (3)
Acidified potassium dichromate
excess oxidising agent
reflux
ketone to hydroxynitrile (2)
HCN + KCN
Nucleophilic Addition
aldehyde to hydroxynitrile (2)
HCN + KCN
Nucleophilic Addition
carboxylic acid to ester (3)
alcohol
H2SO4
Heat
alcohol to ester (3)
carboxylic acid
H2SO4
Heat
carboxlic acid to acyl chloride (1)
SOCl2
acyl chloride to carboxylic acid (2)
H2O
room temp
acyl chloride to ester (2)
alcohol
room temp
ketone to alcohol (2)
NaBH4
reduction
acyl chloride to primary amide (2)
NH3
room temp
acyl chloride to secondary amide (2)
primary amide
room temp
haloalkane to amine (4)
alcoholic NH3
heat
pressure
nucleophilic substitution
haloalkane to nitrile (3)
CN-
ethanol
nucleophilic substitution
alkane to haloalkane (3)
BR2/CL2
UV light
free radical sub
nitrile to amine (2)
H2/ Ni catalyst
reduction
nitrile to carboxylic acid (3)
Heat
HCl
acid hydrolysis
amine to secondary/tertiary amine (2)
haloalkane
nucleophilic sub
amine to secondary amide (3)
Acyl chloride
room temp
nucleophilic add