Synthetic Routes Flashcards
1
Q
Alkane to haloalkane
A
- radical substitution
- homolytic fission
- Cl2, UV light
2
Q
Alkene to dihaloalkane
A
- electrophilic addition
- heterolytic fission
- halogenation
- Br2
3
Q
Alkene to alcohol
A
- electrophilic addition
- heterolytic fission
- hydration
- steam >100’C, H3PO4 catalyst
4
Q
Alkene to haloalkane
A
- electrophilic addition
- heterolytic fission
- halogenation
- HBr
5
Q
Alkene to alkane
A
- electrophilic addition
- heterolytic fission
- hydration
- H2, Ni catalyst
6
Q
Haloalkane to alcohol
A
- nucleophilic substitution
- heterolytic fission
- hydrolysis
- NaOH(aq), reflux
7
Q
Alcohol to alkene
A
- heterolytic fission
- dehydration
- conc. H2SO4 or conc. H3PO4
8
Q
Alcohol to haloalkane
A
- heterolytic fission
- halogenation
- HBr from NaBr/H2SO4
9
Q
Alcohol to ester **
A
- heterolytic fission
- esterification
- carboxylic acid, conc. H2SO4
10
Q
Primary alcohol to aldehyde
A
- heterolytic fission
- oxidation
- H2SO4/K2Cr2O7
- distillation (heat)
11
Q
Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid
A
- heterolytic fission
- oxidation
- H2SO4/K2Cr2O7
- reflux (heat)
12
Q
Aldehyde to carboxylic acid
A
- heterolytic fission
- oxidation
- H2SO4/K2Cr2O7
- reflux (heat)
13
Q
Secondary alcohol to ketone
A
- heterolytic fission
- oxidation
- H2SO4/K2Cr2O7
- reflux (heat)
14
Q
Tertiary alcohol…
A
… resistant to oxidation
no reaction
15
Q
List all the possible mechanisms
A
- radical substitution (alkanes)
- electrophilic addition (alkenes)
- nucleophilic substitution (haloalkanes)
16
Q
List all the types of bond breaking
A
- homolytic fission (forms radicals)
- heterolytic fission (forms ions)
17
Q
List all the types of reactions (synthetic routes)
A
- hydration (alkene to alkane/alcohol)
- halogenation (alkene/alcohol to di/haloalkane)
- hydrolysis (haloalkane to alcohol)
- dehydration (alcohol to alkene)
- esterification (alcohol to ester)
- oxidation (alcohol to aldehyde/ carboxylic acid/ketone)
18
Q
Radical
A
an unpaired electron
19
Q
Nucleophile
A
donates a lone pair of electrons
20
Q
Electrophile
A
accepts a pair of electrons
