Synthetic Routes Flashcards by Sydney Whalley

Q

Alkane to Haloalkane

A

UV + X2 (halogen)

Free Radical Substitution

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Q

Haloalkane to Alcohol

A

NaOH (aq)

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Q

1 Alcohol to Aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4 + distillation

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Q

Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 reflux

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Q

Carboxylic Acid to Acyl Chloride

A

SOCl2

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Q

Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic Acid

A

H2O

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Q

1 Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 Reflux

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Q

Aldehyde to 1 Alcohol

A

NaBH4

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Q

Alcohol to Haloalkane

A

NaX + H2SO4

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Q

Alkene to Alkane

A

H2/Ni hydrogenation

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Q

Alkene to Haloalkane

A

HX or X2 electrophilic addition

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Q

Alkene to Alcohol

A

H3PO4 + H2O (steam)

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Q

Alcohol to Alkene

A

H3PO4 + heat (dehydration)

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Q

Haloalkane to Nitrile

A

KCN + ethanol

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Q

Haloalkane to Amine

A

NH3 + ethanol

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Q

Nitrile to Amine

A

H2 + Ni

Q

Nitrile to Carboxylic Acid

A

H2O/ HCL + heat

Q

Hydroxynitrile to Amine

A

H2/Ni

Q

Ketone to Hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN/H+

Q

2 Alcohol to Ketone

A

K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4 + reflux (oxidation)

Q

Ketone to 2 Alcohol

A

NaBH4

Q

Aldehyde to Hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN/H+

Q

Hydroxynitrile to Carboxylic Acid

A

H2O/HCL + heat

Q

Acyl Chloride to 1 Amide

A

NH3

Q

Acyl Chloride to 2 Amide

A

1 amine (RNH2)

Q

Acyl Chloride to Ester

A

alcohol

Q

Carboxylic Acid to Ester

A

Alcohol + conc H2SO4

Q

Ester to Carboxylic Acid

A

Dilute acid + heat

Q

Ester to Carboxylate (salt)

A

Hydroxide (XOH) + heat

Q

Alcohol to Ester

A

Carboxylic Acid + conc H2SO4
Or
Acid Anhydride