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Synthesis Routes 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How do I get from an alkene to an alkane?

A

H2
Nickel catalyst
150 degrees Celsius
1000kPa

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2
Q

How do I get a haloalkane from an alkene?

A

Hydrogen halide
RTP

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3
Q

How do I get to a haloalkane from an alkane?

A

Halogen
UV light
RTP

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4
Q

How do I get an alcohol from a haloalkane?

A

NaOH (aqueous)
Reflux

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5
Q

How do I get a haloalkane from an alcohol?

A

Sodium halide (NaX) or hydrogen halide (HX)
H2SO4 catalyst
Reflux

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6
Q

How do I get to an alcohol from an alkene?

A

H2O (steam)
H3PO4 catalyst
300 degrees Celsius
60-70atm

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7
Q

How do I get to an alkene from an alcohol?

A

H3PO4 or H2SO4
Reflux

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8
Q

How do i get from a primary alcohol to a aldehyde?

A

Acidified K2Cr2O7
Distillation

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9
Q

How do i get a carboxylic acid from a primary alcohol?

A

acidified potassium dichromate in excess
reflux

This can also be form an aldehyde.

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10
Q

How do i get a primary alcohol from a aldehyde?

A

NaBH4 (aqueous conditions)
Warm

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11
Q

How do i get a ketone from a secondary alcohol

A

Acidified K2Cr2O7
Reflux

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12
Q

How do i get a secondary alcohol from a ketone?

A

NaBH4 (aq)
Warm

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13
Q

How do i get a hydroxynitrile from a ketone?

A

NaCN (aq)
H+ (aq) (acid required)
RTP

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14
Q

How do I get to a hydroxynitrile form an aldehyde?

A

NaCN (aq)
H+ (aq)
RTP

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15
Q

How do get from an alcohol to an Ester?

A

Carboxylic acid
Concentrated H2SO4 catalyst
Or
Acid anhydride
RTP no catalyst

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16
Q

How do i get an ester form a carboxylic acid?

A

Alcohol
Concentrated H2SO4 catalyst
Reflux

17
Q

How do get from an acyl chloride to an ester?

A

alcohol
RTP
(Anhydrous)

18
Q

How do i get from an ester to a carboxylic acid?

A

Dilute acid
Heat

19
Q

How do i get from an ester to a carboxylate?

A

OH- (dilute NaOH),
Heat (reflux)

20
Q

How do i get from a carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride?

A

SOCl2
RTP
Anhydrous

21
Q

how do i get from an acyl chloride to a carboxylic acid?

22
Q

How do I get from a primary amide from an acyl chloride?

A

NH3
RTP
(Anhydrous)

23
Q

How do i get form an acyl chloride to a secondary amide?

A

Primary amine

24
Q

How do i get from a haloalkane to a nitrile/

A

CN- in ethanol
Reflux

25
Q

How do i get from a haloalkane to an amine?

A

NH3 in ethanol
Reflux
Excess

26
Q

How do i get from a nitrile to an amine?

A

H2
Nickel catlyst
High temp and pressure
Or
LiAlH4
RTP

27
Q

How do i get from a nitrile to a carboxylic acid?

A

H2O, reflux
Acidic - dilute HCl
Alkali - dilute NaOH

28
Q

How do i get from a hydroxynitrile to a carboxylic acid?

A

H2O, reflux
Acidic - dilute HCl
Alkali - dilute NaOH

29
Q

Howe do i get from a hydroxynitrile to an amine?

A

H2
Nickel catalyst
High temp
Or
LiAlH4
RTP

Organic Synthesis Routes (2 decks)

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