Synthesis Of alcohols

Question 1

General method for preparing alcohols

Answer 1

Reduction of a carbonyl compound

Question 2

What do carbonyl compound add to a C=O bond and what does it give

Answer 2

Adds hydrogen giving alcohol

Question 3

True or false: all kinds of carbonyl compounds can be reduced, including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In a carbonyl compounds H is the

Answer 4

Reducing agent

Question 5

What do aldehydes reduce

Answer 5

To give primary alcohols, and ketones to give secondary alcohols

Question 6

Esters and carboxylic acids are reduced to give

Answer 6

Primary alcohols

Question 7

Carboxylic reduction is not as rapid as the reductions of aldehydes and ketones so

Answer 7

More powerful reducing agent lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) is used rather than NaBH4

Question 8

More powerful, less specific, and very reactive with water

Answer 8

(LiAlH4)

Question 9

Also reduce aldehydes and ketones

Answer 9

LiAlH4

Question 10

Both __ and __ add the equivalent of the hydride ion “H-“

Answer 10

NaBH4; LiAlH4

Question 11

Only one H added to carbonyl carbon during the reduction of aldehyde or ketone but two for

Answer 11

An ester or carboxylic acid

Question 12

Grignard reagents (RMgX) involves addition of carbanion (R:-+MgX)

Answer 12

Grignard reaction

Question 13

Prepared by reaction of organihalides with magnesium, react with carbonyl compounds to yield alcohols

Answer 13

Grignard reagents (RMgX)

Question 14

Formaldehyde, H2C=O reacts with grignard reagents giving

Answer 14

Primary alcohols, aldehydes give secondary alcohols, and ketone give tertiary alcohols

Question 15

Sters react with grignard it yields

Answer 15

Tertiary alcohols in which two substituents bonded to hydroxyl -bearing carbon