synthesis map Flashcards
alkane to haloalkane
reagents/conditions = Cl2 + UV
mechanism = free radical substitution
alkene to alkane
reagents/conditions = H2, Ni catalyst, 150 degrees
mechanism = electrophilic addition (hydrogenation)
positive test for alkene
Br2 orange to colourless solution
alkene to haloalkane
reagents/conditions = HX/X2, RTP
mechanism = electrophilic addition
alkene to alcohol
reagents/conditions = H2O, dilute H3PO4
mechanism =electrophilic addition
alcohol to alkene
reagents/conditions = conc H2SO4
mechanism = dehydration/elimination
alcohol to haloalkane
reagents/conditions = halogen halide, reflux
mechanism = nucleophilic substitution
haloalkane to alcohol
reagents/conditions = NaOH, reflux
mechanism = nucleophilic substitution
haloalkane to amine
reagents/conditions = excess conc NH3
mechanism = nucleophilic substitution
haloalkane to nitrile
reagents/conditions = HCN, reflux
mechanism = nucleophilic substitution
alcohol to ketone
reagents/conditions = acid K2Cr2O7, reflux
mechanism = oxidation
alcohol to aldehyde
reagents/conditions = acid K2Cr2O7, heat and distil
mechanism = oxidation
alcohol to carboxylic acid
reagents/conditions = acid K2Cr2O7, reflux
mechanism = oxidation
ketone to alcohol
reagents/conditions = NaBH4
mechanism = reduction
aldehyde to alcohol
reagents/conditions = NaBH4
mechanism = reduction
ketone to hydroxynitrile
reagents/conditions = HCN, dilute H2SO4
mechanism = nucleophilic addition
aldehyde to hydroxynitrile
reagents/conditions = HCN, dilute H2SO4
mechanism = nucleophilic addition
alcohol to ester
reagents/conditions = conc H2SO4, reflux, COOH
mechanism = esterification
carboxylic acid to ester
reagents/conditions = alcohol, reflux & distil
mechanism = esterification
ester to carboxylic acid
reagents/conditions = H2O
mechanism = acid hydrolysis
carboxylic acid to acyl chloride
reagents/conditions = SOCl2
acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
reagents/conditions = H2O, RT
mechanism = hydrolysis
acyl chloride to 2 amide
reagents/conditions = 1 amine
mechanism = nucleophilic addition elimination
1 amine to 2 amide
reagents/conditions = acyl chloride, RT
mechanism = nucleophilic addition elimination
nitrile to 1 amine
reagents/conditions = H2, Ni catalyst
mechanism = reduction
nitrile to carboxylic acid
reagents/conditions = HCl/H2SO4, reflux
mechanism = acid hydrolysis
acyl chloride to ester
reagents/conditions = alcohol, RT
mechanism = nucleophilic addition elimination
positive test for ketone
orange ppt with 2 4 DNP
positive test for aldehyde
silver mirror with tollens
positive test for ester
sweet smell
positive test for carboxylic acid
effervescence
positive test for alcohol
orange to green solution
positive test for acyl chloride
H2O and HCl gas
