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Advanced Higher Chemistry > synthesis > Flashcards

synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the name when 2 electrons are shared equally

A

homolytic fission

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2
Q

what is the name when both electrons go towards one element and a carbocation is created

A

heterolytic bond fission

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3
Q

what is a carbocation

A

ion that contains a carbon ion with a positive charge

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4
Q

name a catalyst the can be used when turning an alcohol into an alkene

A

concentrated sulphuric acid

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5
Q

alcohol + ______ -> alkoxide

A

reactive metal

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6
Q

what type of reaction is alcohol -> alkene

A

elimination (dehydration)

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7
Q

haloalkane + _______ -> alcohol

A

Na (OH)-

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8
Q

the reduction reaction of a carboxylic acid to an alcohol requires what catalyst.

carboxylic acid + ______ -> alcohol

A

Lithium aluminium Hydride

LiAlH4

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9
Q

what are the oxidising agents used for the oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes

A
  • acidified permanganate
  • hot copper oxide
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10
Q

what is the definition of an elimination reaction

A

where a small molecule is removed from a large molecule to from two products

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11
Q

one way to make an alkene is through the dehydration of alcohols. name the catalyst which is used to cause the reaction

A

concentrated Sulfuric acid

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12
Q

one way to make an alkene is through base induced elimination. name the base and its solution

A

potassium hydroxide in ethanol solution

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13
Q

Alkenes take place in _____ addition reactions

A

Electrophilic

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14
Q

The Electrophilic addition of h20 uses what as a catalyst and produces what compound

A

Acid as a catalyst
Produces and alcohol

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15
Q

You can hyrolyse _____ to make a carboxlyic acid

A

Nitriles

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16
Q

What catalyst is used for nitrile hydrolysis

A

Strong acid
Eg. Sodium hydroxide

17
Q

What catalyst is used for the hydrolysis of an ester to prepare a carboxylic acid

A

Strong acid - sodium hydroxide

18
Q

what type of reaction does benzene take part in

A

Electrophilic substitution

19
Q

Is benzene or alkenes more reactive ?

A

Alkenes

20
Q

What catalyst is used to react benzene with an halogen

A

Aluminium chloride - the halogen will depend on what halogen you are reacting out with - eg aluminium bromide catalyst

21
Q

What is markovnikov’s rule

A

The H atom of the H-X adds to the carbon atom which already has more hydrogen atoms

22
Q

What catalyst is used for Sn1 and SN2 reactions

A

Aqueous metal hydroxide

23
Q

What catalyst promotes elimination

A

Potassium hydroxide in Hot ethanol solution

24
Q

What type of reaction is making an ether

A

Nucleophilic substitution

Advanced Higher Chemistry (8 decks)

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