Syntax Vocabulary Practice

Question 1

syntax

Answer 1

is usually considered the core of a language’s grammar.

Question 2

grammar

Answer 2

refers to the complete system of phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic information and rules that speakers of a given language possess.

Question 3

constituents

Answer 3

syntactic units.

Question 4

phrases

Answer 4

consist of only one word.

Question 5

pronominalisation

Answer 5

the substitution of a constituent by a
pronoun.

Question 6

pro-form

Answer 6

will be used interchangeably with the established pronoun term, taking into account
that a ‘pro-noun’ is actually a pro-phrase.

Question 7

wh-pronoun

Answer 7

that these pronominalisations work perfectly, we
have good evidence are indeed constituents.

Question 8

movement

Answer 8

a string of words can be
moved to other sentential positions.

Question 9

coordination test

Answer 9

is only constituents that can be coordinated by the coordinating conjunction and.

Question 10

gapping

Answer 10

behaviour is a fourth kind of test, which
works with certain types of phrases.

Question 11

entence-fragment test

Answer 11

brings us back to the discussion of possible answers to the question.

Question 12

structural ambiguity

Answer 12

strings of words

Question 13

head

Answer 13

call the most important element of a sentence

Question 14

noun phrases

Answer 14

ab-breviated

Question 15

projects

Answer 15

its properties onto the sentence as a whole.

Question 16

determiners

Answer 16

form a larger class with different subclasses, such as definite and in- definite articles, possessives, and demonstratives.

Question 17

phrase structure rules

Answer 17

to generate sentences.

Question 18

subordinate clauses

Answer 18

sentences inside other sentences.

Question 19

sentences

Answer 19

as the largest syntactic units and they are made up of one or more clauses.

Question 20

clauses

Answer 20

internal structure

Question 21

predicate

Answer 21

is used in a number of different ways in traditional grammar, school grammar books and formal linguistics.

Question 22

main clause

Answer 22

which refers to clauses that can stand on their own.

Question 23

case

Answer 23

such forms that mark the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence or phrase.

Question 24

transitive verbs

Answer 24

verbs that need an object.

Question 25

intransitive verbs

Answer 25

verbs that cannot take an object.

Question 26

di-transitive.

Answer 26

the two objects of ditransitive verbs play different
roles in the event denoted by the verb.

Question 27

direct object

Answer 27

one of the objects denotes an entity that
undergoes the action or process denoted by the verb.

Question 28

indirect object

Answer 28

The other object denotes the goal, the recipient or the benificiary of the event denoted by the verb.

Question 29

adverbial

Answer 29

are thus mod-ifiers of the clause or the verb phrase.

Question 30

complement

Answer 30

a more general term used in linguistics for such semantically and structurally highly dependent
sister constituents of heads.

Question 31

predicative complements

Answer 31

do not behave like objects also in an important other respect, they cannot be
passivised.

Question 32

do so

Answer 32

English has a pronominal phrase that can replace con-stituents such as.

Question 33

prepositional phrases

Answer 33

sequences of words that function like prepositions.

Question 34

adjective phrases

Answer 34

sets of words whose core meaning is a qualifying adjective.

Question 35

verb phrases

Answer 35

combination of a main verb and one or more auxiliary verbs.

Question 36

adverb phrases

Answer 36

groups of words that constitute a fixed expression equivalent to an adverb.

Question 37

word-classes

Answer 37

nouns or nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and articles.

Question 38

syntactic categories

Answer 38

the groups of words that allow us to state rules and restrictions on the form of sentences.

Question 39

parts-of-speech

Answer 39

the sentence is made up of a subject and a predicate.

Question 40

lexical categories