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English 211 O1 > Syntax Vocabulary > Flashcards

Syntax Vocabulary Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

syntax

A

the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language

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2
Q

grammar

A

the system and structure of a language (syntax is a part of this)

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3
Q

constituents

A

a word or a group of words that function as a single unit within a hierarchical structure

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4
Q

phrases

A

a group of words that act together as a grammatical unit

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5
Q

pronominalization

A

the substitute of a constituent by a pronoun

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6
Q

pro-form

A

a type of function word or expression that stands in for another word, phrase, clause, or sentence where the meaning is recoverable from the context

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7
Q

wh-pronoun

A

who, whose, whom, which, what, that

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8
Q

movement

A

the means by which some theories of syntax address discontinuities

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9
Q

coordination test

A

one of the traditional diagnostic tests for constituent structure

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10
Q

gapping

A

a type of ellipsis that occurs in the non-initial conjuncts of coordinate structures

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11
Q

sentence-fragment test

A

a test showing that a string of words that can be a sentence fragment must be a constituent

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12
Q

structural ambiguity

A

the potential of multiple interpretations for a piece of written or spoken language because of the way words or phrases are organized

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13
Q

head

A

in linguistics, the head or nucleus of a phrase is the word that determines the syntactic category of that phrase

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14
Q

noun phrases

A

a noun plus optional determinants, adjective phrases, and prepositional phrases

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15
Q

prepositional phrases

A

begins with a preposition and ends with a noun

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16
Q

adjective phrases

A

phrase the head of which is an adjective

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17
Q

verb phrases

A

a syntactic unit consisting of an auxiliary (helping) verb preceding the main verb

18
Q

adverb phrases

A

a multi-word expression operating adverbially: its syntactic function is to modify other expressions, including verbs, adjectives, adverbs, adverbials, and sentences

19
Q

projections

A

the categorical representation of the lexical structure that must be at every syntactic level

20
Q

parts-of-speech

A

a category of words that have similar grammatical properties

21
Q

determiners

A

a word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or a noun phrase in the context

22
Q

phrase-structure rules

A

a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language’s syntax

23
Q

subordinate clauses

A

A clause containing a subject and verb that begins with a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun

24
Q

clause

A

a syntactic construction containing a subject and predicate and forming part of a sentence or constituting a whole simple sentence

25
Q

sentence

A

a set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses

26
Q

main clause

A

a clause that can form a complete sentence standing alone

27
Q

predicate

A

the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject

28
Q

subject-verb agreement

A

the rule stating that if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; if a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural

29
Q

case

A

any of the inflected forms of a noun, adjective, or pronoun that express the semantic relation of the word to other words in the sentence

30
Q

transitive

A

a verb that accepts one or more objects

31
Q

intransitive

A

a verb that does not take an object

32
Q

ditransitive

A

takes both a direct object and an indirect object

33
Q

direct object

A

the noun or a noun phrase that’s receiving the action of the verb

34
Q

indirect object

A

the optional recipient of a verb in a sentence

35
Q

adverbial (or adjunct)

A

constituents that provide information about the circumstances of the action denoted by the verb and its subjects and object(s)

36
Q

complement

A

a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression

37
Q

predicative complements

A

completes the meaning of a sentence by giving information about a noun

38
Q

matrix clause

A

a clause that contains a subordinate clause

39
Q

subject

A

the something or someone that the sentence is about

40
Q

semantics

A

how one’s lexicon, grammatical structure, tone, and other elements of a sentence coalesce to communicate its meaning

English 211 O1 (7 decks)

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