syntax unit 1 aos 2

Question 1

what is syntax

Answer 1

the study of sentence structures

Question 2

declarations

Answer 2

the most basic function of a sentence = make a statement
“she has been busy”
“the sleeves look good on her”

Question 3

exclamatives

Answer 3

make exclamatory statements
starts with what or how
“what a beautiful day!”
“how he lies!”

Question 4

imperatives

Answer 4

to issue directives
think - imperial emporer
“open the window”
“stop doing that”

Question 5

interrogatives

Answer 5

to pose questions
think - interrogation
"wheres the ball?"
"what u doin"
"how are you?"

Question 6

subjects

Answer 6

often found at the beginning of the sentence before the verb/verb phrase
“EMILY likes chocolate”
“SOME ELEPHANTS were chewing on the trees”

Question 7

predicate

Answer 7

the verb and everything else with it
modifies the subject
“the walls WERE GREY”
“the film crew LEFT THE LOCATION FOR LUNCH”

Question 8

objects

Answer 8

what did the subject VERB?
jade plays piano. what did jade play? PIANO
cassidy likes chocolate. what did cassidy like? CHOCOLATE

Question 9

transitive verbs

Answer 9

must be used in a sentence with an object
“ella CARRIES water to class”
“molly THREW the ball”

Question 10

intransitive verbs

Answer 10

do not need to be followed by an object 
if it can stand by itself, (i slept or i ran) chances are its intransitive
"they jumped"
"the dog ran"
"she sang"

Question 11

direct objects

Answer 11

are the person or thing involved in the action

Question 12

indirect objects

Answer 12

are affected by the action but not directly involved

can only exist if there is a direct object

Question 13

direct vs indirect hints

Answer 13

“Eliza gave her teacher a gift”

what did the subject verb? (a gift)
to what/whom was it verb-ed? (her teacher)

Question 14

complements

Answer 14

Complements are needed to COMPLETE the meaning of an expression. Complements are NOT OPTIONAL; they are essential to ensure understanding. If you can’t remove it from a sentence, then it’s likely to be a complement.
(object is just a type of complement)

Question 15

adverbial phrases

Answer 15

Consists of an adverb or words acting as adverbs within a sentence.
Adverbial phrases can be removed from a sentence without making the sentence grammatically wrong. Adverbial phrases are optional as they are usually just descriptive.
“in the morning”
“so slowly”

Question 16

if adverbials are present you will find them by x6

Answer 16

asking how? when? where? which one? what time? how often?

Question 17

phrase

Answer 17

missing a subject or a verb

Question 18

noun phrase

Answer 18

includes the noun and the modifiers that distinguish it

“the girl”
“my friend jessica”
“a black cat”

Question 19

adjectival phrase

Answer 19

group of words that function as an adjective
“fluffy grey”
“brightly coloured fuzzy red”

Question 20

prepositional phrase

Answer 20

consist of a preposition and the object of the preposition and any other modifiers
“after school”
“on the table by the window in the kitchen”

Question 21

verb phrase

Answer 21

the main verb plus any other related words such as auxiliaries complements or other modifiers
“was played”

Question 22

simple sentence

Answer 22

one independent clause

Question 23

compound sentence

Answer 23

two or more independent clauses

Question 24

complex sentence

Answer 24

one independent clause and one or more dependent clause

Question 25

compound-complex sentence

Answer 25

two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

Question 26

independent (or main) clause

Answer 26

can stand alone as a sentence, a simple sentence, can be split by a dependant clause

Question 27

dependent (or subordinate) clause

Answer 27

• cannot stand alone
• an incomplete idea
• most of the time has subordinate conj at the start

Question 28

ellipsis

Answer 28

omission of part of speech/writing because it is implied/obvious through context

Question 29

fragment

Answer 29

grammatically unfinished set of words