Syntax Structures

Question 1

An if-statement is your basic logic branching control

Answer 1

i f (TEST) {
CODE;
} e l s e i f (TEST) {
CODE;
} e l s e {
CODE;
}

Question 2

A switch-statement is like an if-statement but works on simple integer constants

Answer 2

s w i t c h (OPERAND) {
c a s e CONSTANT:
CODE;
break ;
d e f a u l t :
CODE;
}

Question 3

A while-loop is your most basic loop

Answer 3

w h i l e (TEST) {
CODE;
}

Question 4

You can also use continue to cause it to loop. Call this form while-continue-loop for now

Answer 4

w h i l e (TEST) {
i f (OTHER_TEST) {
c o n t i n u e ;
} CODE;
}

Question 5

You can also use break to exit a loop. Call this form while-break-loop

Answer 5

w h i l e (TEST) {
i f (OTHER_TEST) {
break ;
} CODE;
}

Question 6

The do-while-loop is an inverted version of a while-loop that runs the code then tests to see
if it should run again

Answer 6

do {
CODE;
} w h i l e (TEST ) ;

Question 7

The for-loop does a controlled counted loop through a (hopefully) fixed number of iterations
using a counter

Answer 7

f o r ( INIT ; TEST ; POST) {
CODE;
}

Question 8

An enum creates a set of integer constants

Answer 8

enum { CONST1, CONST2, CONST3 } NAME;

Question 9

A goto will jumpt to a label, and is only used in a few useful situations like error detection and
exiting

Answer 9

i f (ERROR_TEST) {
goto f a i l ;
}
f a i l :
CODE;

Question 10

A function is defined this way

Answer 10

TYPE NAME(ARG1, ARG2, . . ) {
CODE;
r e t u r n VALUE;
}

Question 11

A typedef defines a new type

Answer 11

t y p e d e f DEFINITION IDENTIFIER ;

Question 12

(A typedef defines a new type) A more concrete form of this is

Answer 12

t y p e d e f unsigned char byte ;