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Latin > Syntax & Grammar Rules > Flashcards

Syntax & Grammar Rules Flashcards

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Latin flashcards
1
Q

Cum + imperfect/pluperfect verb

A

Cum Circumstantial

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2
Q

Cum Circumstantial

A

Circumstances an action took place

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3
Q

Verb of saying, knowing, thinking + interrogative word + verb in subjunctive mood

A

Indirect question

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4
Q

Present/Future/Future Perfect + present

A

Same time or after

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5
Q

Present/Future/Future Perfect + Perfect

A

Time before

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6
Q

Imperfect/Perfect/Pluperfect + Imperfect

A

Same time or after

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7
Q

Imperfect/Perfect/Pluperfect + Pluperfect

A

Time Before

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8
Q

ut/ne + present/imperfect subjunctive

A

Pure Purpose Clause

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9
Q

Pure Purpose Clause

A

Answers the question why

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10
Q

Verb of commanding, persuading, urging + ut/ne + subjunctive

A

Indirect command

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11
Q

This word never forms indirect commands

A

iubeo

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12
Q

iubeō, veto, cupio take these two things

A

Infinitive and a subject accusative

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13
Q

Relative pronoun + present/imperfect subjunctive verb

A

Relative clause of purpose

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14
Q

tantus/tam/ita + ut/ne + present/imperfect subjunctive verb

A

Result clause

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15
Q

So before an adjective is translated as

A

tam or ita

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16
Q

So before an adverb is translated as

A

sic or ita

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17
Q

priusquam + subjunctive verb

A

Priusquam Clause of Anticipation

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18
Q

Priusquam Clause of Anticipation

A

An act as anticipated

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19
Q

priusquam

A

Before

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20
Q

dum + subjunctive verb

A

Dum Clause of Anticipation

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21
Q

Dum Clause of Anticipation

A

Denote anticipation or expectancy

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22
Q

dum

A

Until

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23
Q

Verb of saying, knowing, thinking + noun in the accusative case + infinitive verb

A

Indirect Statement

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24
Q

Action happens same time as main verb

A

Present infinitive

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25
Q

Action happens before main verb

A

Perfect infinitive

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26
Q

Action happens after main verb

A

Future infinitive

27
Q

ne/ut/ne non + verb/expression of fearing + subjunctive mood

A

Substantive clause of fearing

28
Q

Fear that something may happen, is happening, has happened

A

ne

29
Q

Expresses a fear that something may happen, is not happening, or has not happened

A

ne non or ut

30
Q

Fearing clauses express this

A

An opposite wish of what the speaker fears

31
Q

Gerundive

A

Future passive participle. It is also a verbal adjective in passive voice

32
Q

Present stem + nd/end + endings of Magnus

A

Gerundive

33
Q

Gerundives agree in these 3 ways

A

Gender, number, and case

34
Q

gerundive in the genitive is used with:

A

causa or gratia

35
Q

dative of the gerundive

A

Used with indirect object or the dative with adjective

36
Q

accusative gerundive + ad

A

Indicates purpose

37
Q

Most common use of ablative gerundive

A

Ablative of means

38
Q

sum + gerundive + dative of agent

A

The passive periphrastic (i.e. gerundive of obligation)

39
Q

Gerundive of obligation or passive periphrastic denotes

A

Obligation, necessity that something must be done

40
Q

Person on who obligation rests

A

Dative of agent

41
Q

Gerund

A

Verbal noun ending in “ing”

42
Q

Present stem + nd/end + neuter endings of second declension

A

Gerund

43
Q

What two ways can a gerund never appear?

A

Nominative and plural

44
Q

If a gerund takes a direct object what is it generally found as

A

Gerundive

45
Q

What form is the nominative gerund in

A

Infinitive

46
Q

Genitive case + nouns

A

Object genitive

47
Q

Genitive case gerund + adjectives

A

Used to complete the meaning

48
Q

Genitive case of the gerund + causa or gratia

A

Denote purpose

49
Q

Which case of the gerund is hardly used

A

Dative

50
Q

Ad(other preps) + gerund

A

Denotes purpose

51
Q

Ablative case of the gerund is generally used as

A

An ablative of means

52
Q

Which prepositions may take the ablative gerund

A

Ab, de, ex, in

53
Q

If a verb in the main clause is used in the perfect tense then the infinitive in the indirect statement is translated as

A

Is/are➡was/were
Has➡had
Will➡would

54
Q

Volitive present plural 1st person subjunctive is how it’s usually found. Expresses the will of a person.

A

Hortatory subjunctive

55
Q

Example of hortatory subjunctive

A

Let us live

56
Q

Volative subjunctive that can be found in either the plural or singular 1st person. Occasionally uses imperfect tense.

A

Deliberative subjunctive

57
Q

What does the deliberative do?

A

Asks the intentions of the person, asks about the will of the person addressed

58
Q

Quid faciam: what should I do

A

Deliberative subjunctive

59
Q

A volitive subjunctive that can be found in the 2nd or 3rd person plural and singular.

A

Jussive/Prohibitive subjunctive

60
Q

Which case is it rare for the jussive to be found in?

A

2nd person

61
Q

What does the jussive subjunctive do?

A

Like a polite command

62
Q

Sapies (may you be wise)

Dicat (let him tell)

A

Jussive

63
Q

Prohibits and is negated by ne

A

Prohibitive subjunctive

64
Q

Examples of prohibitive subjunctive

A

ne pugnetis (may you not fight)

ne respiciat (may he not look back)

Latin (9 decks)

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