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Honors ELA Syntax/Diction > Syntax/Diction > Flashcards

Syntax/Diction Flashcards

1
Q

What is syntax?

A

The way words and clauses are arranged to form sentences

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2
Q

How do authors quicken the pace?

A

They will use shorter, simpler sentences

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3
Q

How do authors slow down the pace?

A

They will use longer, more complex and convoluted sentences

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4
Q

Loose sentence

A

The main point is at the beginning

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5
Q

Periodic sentence

A

The main point is at the end (near the period)

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6
Q

Parallel Structure

A

Grammatical or structural similarity between sentences or parts of a sentence

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7
Q

Natural order sentence

A

A sentence that follow the order: Subject - Verb - Object

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8
Q

Inverted order sentence

A

A sentence where the predicate (main verb) comes before the subject

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9
Q

Slightly inverted sentence

A

May simply move the object in front of the subject and verb

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10
Q

Simple sentence

A

One independent clause

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11
Q

Simple sentence example

A

The singer bowed to her adoring audience

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12
Q

Compound sentence

A

Two or more independent clauses (joined by a comma with a coordinating conjuction - and, but, for, or, nor, yet, so - or a semicolon)

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13
Q

Compound sentence example

A

The singer bowed gratefully to the audience, but/however she sang no encores.

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14
Q

Complex sentence

A

One independent clause and one or more dependent (subordinate) clauses

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15
Q

Complex sentence example

A

Although the singer bowed gratefully to the audience, she sang no encores

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16
Q

Compound-complex sentence

A

Two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause

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17
Q

Compound-complex sentence example

A

The singer bowed gratefully while the audience applauded, but she sang no encores

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18
Q

Dependent (subordinate) clause

A

Has a subject and a verb; however, it cannot stand alone because it does not have a complete thought

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19
Q

Independent clause

A

Has a subject and a verb, and can stand alone because it has a complete thought

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20
Q

How do authors syntactically create emphasis?

A

Position, isolation, repetition, and isolation

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21
Q

Position

A

Where you put something in the sentence

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22
Q

Isolation

A

Setting it off by itself (dash, quotation marks, parenthesis, etc.)

23
Q

Repetition

A

The number of times something is repeated

24
Q

Proportion

A

The size of the idea and how much of the piece the idea takes up

25
Q

Diction

A

The author’s choice of words

26
Q

Informal diction

A

The norm in newspaper editorials, works of fiction, and friendly writing. Language of everyday use. Relaxed and controversial

27
Q

Formal diction

A

Largely reserved for scholarly writing and serious prose or poetry, and business writing, and essays. Creates an elevated tone.
ex. “The Scarlet Letter”

28
Q

Colloquial diction

A

Borrows from informal speech and typically used to create a mood or capture a particular historic or regional dialect, found in song lyrics

29
Q

Neutral diction

A

Everday vocabulary

30
Q

Slang

A

Recently coined words (LOL, BRB)

31
Q

Colloquial expressions

A

Nonstandard, regional, ways of using language appropriate to informal or conversational speech and writing

32
Q

Colloquial expression example

A

Y’all, fixin, pop, wanna, etc.

33
Q

Jargon

A

Consists of words and expressions characteristic of a particular trade, profession, or pusuit (profession related)

34
Q

Jargon example

A

HR, “pirate talk,” self-assesment, etc.

35
Q

Idiom

A

Language that is peculiar; it’s meaning is other than the literal meaning of the words that compromise the idiom

36
Q

Idiom example

A

Bad egg, back burner, in a pickle, in hot water, no-brainer

37
Q

Connotation and denotation

A

When studying diction, you must understand both ____ (meaning by the word) and ____ (literal meaning)

38
Q

Connotation

A

Meaning by the word

39
Q

Denotation

A

Literal meaning

40
Q

Apostrophe

A

A discretion in the form of an address to someone not present or to a personified object. A figure of speech sometimes represented by the exclamation “O”

41
Q

Apostrophe example

A

“Twinkle, twinkle, little star” - An imaginary personified object

42
Q

Synecdoche

A

A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole is used for a part

43
Q

Synedoche example

A

wheels/cars
graybeard/old man
sails/ship or boat

44
Q

Metonymy

A

A word that describes another thing that’s closely linked but not a part of it

45
Q

Metonymy example

A

The pen is mightier than the sword or let me give you a hand

46
Q

Oxymoron

A

Two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect

47
Q

Oxymoron example

A

Cruel kindness, living death, awfully pretty

48
Q

Paradox

A

A sentence or even a group of sentences that will seem contradictory but will ultimately hold some truth

49
Q

Paradox example

A

Your enemy’s friend is your enemy, I am nobody, truth is honey which is bitter

50
Q

Pun

A

A play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words having different meanings

51
Q

Pun example

A

A horse is a very stable animal, I was struggling to figure out how lightning works, then is struck me

52
Q

Cacophonous

A

Harsh sounding words; “bad or evil voice”

53
Q

Euphonious

A

Sweet voiced; a noteworthy melody of loveliness in the sounds they create

Honors ELA Syntax/Diction (1 decks)

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