Syntax Flashcards
constituents
phrases or structural units of morphology and phonology. Or Group of words that function together as a unit.
pronominalisation
substitution of a constituent by a pronoun.
movement
string of words that can be moved, used to test if words or phrases are constituents.
replacement test
a type of testing constituents in which constituent is replaced by a single word.
coordination test
a type of testing constituents in which combining only constituents of the same kind and only coordination conjunction ends.
sentence-fragment test
a type of testing constituents in which tells us if we can answer as a sentence fragment then it can be a constituent.
fronting
moving the last phrase of the sentence in front of the the sentence.
adjective
express properties or qualities
phrase-structure rules
phrase structure grammars that is used to develop whole grammars.
subordinate clauses
sentences inside sentences.
sentences
largest syntactic units and they are made up of one or more clause.
main clauses
clauses that can stand on their own.
superordinate clause
matrix clause
adverbials
are constituents that are said to give the circumstances of the event denoted by the rest of the sentence.
passive sentence
the subject is not the doer.
subject-verb agreement
requires subject and verb to share the same person and number features.
case forms
forms that mark the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence or phrase.
transitive verbs
verbs that need an object.
intransitive verbs
verbs that cannot take an object.
ditransitive
verbs that can take two objects.
direct object
a role in one of the objects that denotes an entity that undergoes the action or process denoted by the verb.
indirect object
recipient or the beneficiary of the event denoted by the verb.
adverbial
modifiers of the clause or verb phrase
predicative complements
complements of verbs, completes meaning of sentence by giving information about a noun. Follow linking verbs.
gapping
constituent test that is used to fill in the gap of missing word or string in a sentence.
structural ambiguity
different interpretations that arises through different sentence structures assigned to the same string of words.
head
most important element of a phrase
determiners
combined different large word-classes such as definite and indefinite articles, possessive and demonstratives.
clause
syntactic unit that consists minimally of a verb phrase and its subject.
predicate
a part of sentence that says something about the subject.
complement
terms used in linguistics for such semantically and structurally highly dependent sister constituents of heads.
grammar
refers to the complete system of phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic information and rules that the speakers of a given language possesses.
syntax
structure of sentence in grammatical form.
structure
organized combination of mutually connected and dependent parts or elements.
pro-form
term used by linguists of the term pro-phrase which means pronouns.
noun phrases
phrases headed by a noun.
prepositional
indicate relationships between other words in a sentence. Usually tells you where something is or when something happened.
adjective
modifies or describes a noun.
adverb
modifies verbs, adjective, or other adverb.
main clause
a term that is potentially competing with matrix clause, or superordinate clause, which refers to clauses that can stand on their own.
