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Syntax > Syntax > Flashcards

Syntax Flashcards

1
Q

Phrase structure rules

A
  • generate all possible sentences
  • allow recursion
  • account for modularity
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2
Q

C-selection

A
  • which complements are required by the head
  • syntactic positions
  • phrasal categories
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3
Q

Argument structure

A
  • related to meaning

- number of participants required

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4
Q

Theta Criterion

A
  1. Each argument is assigned 1 theta role

2. Each theta roles is assigned to 1 argument

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5
Q

Internal argument

A

Realised as a complement

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6
Q

External argument

A

External to the predicate

Realised as subject

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7
Q

The Projection Principle

A

Lexical information is syntactical encoded

Syntactic rules can’t change lexical information

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8
Q

The Extended Projection Principle

A

Every sentence has a syntactic subject

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9
Q

Noun phrase, sentence parallels

A
  • nominal argument structure
  • functional categories modify nouns
  • nominal versions of agreement, tense, aspect
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10
Q

Government

A

A governs B if

  • A is a head
  • A and B are sisters
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11
Q

Theta-government

A

A theta-governs B if

  • A governs
  • A assigns a theta-role to B
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12
Q

Specifier-head agreement

A
  • the specifier (subject DP) and the head (I) are coindexed

- features of person and number are shared

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13
Q

C-command

A

A c-commands B if

  • A does not dominate B
  • every x that dominates A also dominates B
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14
Q

Accusative case

A

Verbs and prepositions assign
Direct objects of transitive verbs and objects of prepositions
Heads governing complements

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15
Q

Nominative case

A

Tensed I
DP in the specifier
Specifier-head agreement

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16
Q

Genitive case

A

Possessive feature
DP in specifier
Specifier-head agreement

17
Q

The Case Filter

A

All over DPs must have case

18
Q

Move-alpha

A

Anything can move anywhere

19
Q

Chain

A

The path followed by a constituent from its original position to its landing site

20
Q

Landing site

A

Empty - no DP generates or theta-marked there

A-position - where an argument could occur

21
Q

Unergative verbs

A

1 external argument
Agent
Satisfies VISH

22
Q

Unaccusative verbs

A

1 internal argument
Non-agent
Resembles passive

23
Q

Burzio’s Generalisation

A

Verbs which lack an external argument fail to assign accusative case

24
Q

Principle of structure preservation

A

Movement must be structure preserving; the targeted position must be of the same type as the position of base-generation

25
Q

The Head Movement Constraint

A

Heads must move to the most local available landing site

26
Q

The Mirror Principle

A

Ordering of morphemes mirrors the order of elements in phrase structure

27
Q

Binding

A

A binds B if

  • A is c-commanded by B
  • A and B are coindexed
28
Q

Binding principles

A
  • an anaphor is bound in its Governing Category
  • a pronominal is free in its Governing Category
  • an R-expression is free
29
Q

Types of non-over DPs

A
  • DP-trace
  • Wh-trace
  • PRO
  • pro
30
Q

The Null Subject Parameter

A

Allows subject pronouns in some languages to be omitted

31
Q

Licensing

A

Requirement that an element meet some criteria or result in ungrammaticality

32
Q

The PRO Theorem

A

PRO must be ungoverned

33
Q

Vacuous movement

A

If movement is from spec(IP) to spec(CP) and I to C, word order doesn’t change

34
Q

The That-Trace Fliter

A

Rules out the sequence overt complementiser followed by a trace

35
Q

The Empty Category Principle

A
  • traces must be properly governed

- movement ins upwards and left

36
Q

UTAH

A

Identical thematic relationships between items are represented by identical structural relationships between these items at D-structure

  • agents are subjects
  • patients, themes and experiences are objects
  • deviation from this is through movement
37
Q

The Subjacency Condition

A

A single instance of wh-movement can cross only one bounding node, where IP and DP are bounding nodes.

38
Q

Crossing a node

A

If x dominates the departure site but not the landing site it is a node

39
Q

M-command

A

Node A m-commands node B if the first maximal projection dominating A dominates B

Syntax (1 decks)

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