Syntax

Question 1

syntax

Answer 1

the structure of sentences,

Question 2

grammar

Answer 2

the complete system of phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic information and rules that speakers of a given languages possess.

Question 3

pronominalisation

Answer 3

the substitution of a constituent by a pronoun

Question 4

movement

Answer 4

if a string of words can be moved to other sentential positions

Question 5

coordination test

Answer 5

only constituents that can be coordinated by the coordinating conjunction, and (such as black and white, twist and shout, up and down)

Question 6

gapping

Answer 6

leaving a gap in a phrase, in which you could insert the “missing string”

Question 7

sentence fragment test

Answer 7

only certain types of strings can form possible sentence fragments which speakers an use to, for example, answer questions

Question 8

structural ambiguity

Answer 8

when different interpretations arise through different sentence structures assigned to the same strings of words

Question 9

head

Answer 9

the most important element of a phrase

Question 10

noun phrases

Answer 10

phrases headed by a noun

Question 11

prepositional phrase

Answer 11

group of words that lack either a verb or a subject, and that functons as a unified part of speech

Question 12

adjective phrase

Answer 12

a group of words that describe a noun or pronoun in a sentence

Question 13

verb phrase

Answer 13

can be a phrase that functions as an adverd or adjective that has a verb and its complements, objects, or modifiers

Question 14

adverb phrase

Answer 14

modifies a verb

Question 15

projections

Answer 15

when the head projects it’s properties onto th phrase as a whole

Question 16

word classes

Answer 16

sets of words that display the same formal properties, especially their syntactic and/or morphological behavior

Question 17

lexical category

Answer 17

grouping of words by their syntactic and/or morphological behaviour

Question 18

determiner

Answer 18

a word or afix that belongs to a class of noun modifiers hat expresses the reference, including quantity, of a noun

Question 19

phrase structure rules

Answer 19

used to describe a given language’s syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar.

Question 20

subordinate clauses

Answer 20

sentences inside other sentences

Question 21

clause

Answer 21

a syntactic unit that consists of a subject and a predicate

Question 22

sentences

Answer 22

defined as the largest syntactic units and made up of one or more clauses

Question 23

main clause

Answer 23

clauses that can stand on their own

Question 24

predicate

Answer 24

that part of a sentence that says something about the subject

Question 25

subject verb agreement

Answer 25

a syntactic process which requires subject and verb to share the same person and number features

Question 26

case forms

Answer 26

forms that mark the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence or phrase

Question 27

transitive verbs

Answer 27

verbs that need an object

Question 28

ditransitive

Answer 28

verbs that can take two objects

Question 29

instransitive verbs

Answer 29

verbs that cannot take an object

Question 30

direct object

Answer 30

an object that denotes an entity that undergoes the action or pocess denoted by the verb

Question 31

indirect object

Answer 31

object that denotes the goal, the recipient or the beneficiary of the event denoted the verb

Question 32

adverbial

Answer 32

constituents that provide information about the circumstances of the action denoted by the verb and its subject and objects

Question 33

complement

Answer 33

term used in linguistics for such semantically and structurally highly dependent sister constituents of the head

Question 34

predicate complements

Answer 34

do not behave like bjects also, they cannot be passivised

Question 35

matrix clause

Answer 35

a clause that contains a subordinate clause

Question 36

parts of speech

Answer 36

term used in traditional grammar for one of the 9 main categories into whch words are classified according to their functions in sentences, such as nouns or verbs

Question 37

syntactic categories

Answer 37

a type of syntactic unit that theories of syntax assume

Question 38

pro-form

Answer 38

a words that is dependent for it’s meaning on reference to some other part of the context or sentenc in which it occurs

Question 39

wh-pronoun

Answer 39

the pronoun: who, whose, which, and can be the subject or object of a verb

Question 40

form

Answer 40

concerned with the descripion of linguistic units in terms of what they are