Syntax Flashcards
1
Q
Interjections
A
- Function - express feelings, courses or emotions
- Do not enter into syntactic relations with any other word belonging to the various word classes
- They can occur in isolation or at the beginning of utterances: Hey, are you coming to the party?
1
Q
What categories are the word classes put into?
A
- Inflectional and Derivational (morphology/form)
- Distribution - syntax/function (words that fit into the same slots belong to the same category)
2
Q
Open word classes
A
- Nouns
- Verbs
- Adjectives
- Adverbs
- Interjections
3
Q
Closed word classes
A
- Pronouns
- Auxiliary verbs
- Determiners
- Prepositions
- Conjunctions
4
Q
Catenative verbs
A
- Verbs that can be followed by other verbs, like appear to/ask to/promise to/decide to/fail to/happen to/want to etc
- The second verb can be an infinitive or gerund
5
Q
Transitive verbs
A
Verbs that address the direct object (John baked a cake)
6
Q
Ditransitive verbs
A
Address the direct and indirect object (she gave a present to her friend)
7
Q
Intransitive verbs
A
Do not require any objects or complements (her husband snores)
8
Q
Predicate
A
- The verb phrase which gives more information about the subject
- The second part of the clause
- Everything that follows the subject
- The rheme of the utterance - (she) will be famous one day
9
Q
Complements
A
- Gives more information about the noun phrase it refers to
- Complements are normally linked to their noun phrase by copula verbs, e.g. appear, be, become, feel, grow, remain, seem
10
Q
Adverbials
A
- Add information to a verb such as how often, how, where, when
- (He) often (walked) quietly round the house every morning
- Adverbials can be adverb phrases or prepositional phrases
11
Q
Adjuncts
A
- Not required by the verb
- Elements that give background information about an event or state of affairs
- Typically released by adverbial or prepositional phrases, finite and non-finite clauses
- (She ran) very quickly
- I cut it (with the knife)
