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Synergists Flashcards

0
Q

What muscles contribute to shoulder extension?

A

Deltoid (posterior fibers) Latissimus Dorso Teres Major Pectoralis Major (lower fibers) Triceps brachii (long head)

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1
Q

What muscles work together for shoulder flexion?

A

Deltoid Pectoralis Major (upper fibers) Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis (secondary)

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2
Q

What muscles work in shoulder horizontal abduction

A

Deltoid (posterior fibers)

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3
Q

What muscles work together in shoulder horizontal adduction?

A

Deltoid (anterior fibers) Pectoralis major (upper fibers)

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4
Q

What muscles work together in shoulder abduction?

A

Deltoid Supraspinatus

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5
Q

What muscles contribute to shoulder adduction

A

Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Infraspinatus Teres Minor Pectoralis Major Triceps brachii (long head) Coracobrachialis

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6
Q

What muscles work towards shoulder lateral rotation?

A

Deltoid (posterior fibers) Infraspinatus Teres Minor

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7
Q

What muscles contribute to shoulder medial rotation?

A

Deltoid (anterior fibers) Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Subscapularis Pectoralis Major

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8
Q

What muscles work together in scapular elevation?

A

Trapezius (upper fibers) Rhomboids Levator scapula

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9
Q

What muscles contribute to scapular depression

A

Trapezius (lower fibers) Serratus anterior Pectoralis Minor

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10
Q

What works together in scapular adduction?

A

Trapezius (middle fibers) Rhomboids

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11
Q

What muscles contribute to scapular abduction?

A

Serratus Anterior Pectoralis Minor

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12
Q

What muscles contribute to upwards rotation of the scapula?

A

Trapezius (upper and lower fibers) Serratus Anterior

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13
Q

What muscles contribute to downward rotation of the scapula?

A

Rhomboids Levator Scapula Pectoralis Minor

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14
Q

What muscles mainly contribute to Elbow flexion?

A

biceps brachii brachialis brachioradialis

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15
Q

what muscles assist (not primary function) in flexion of the elbow?

A

Flexor carpi radilais Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Pronator teres Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis

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16
Q

What muscles work together for elbow extension?

A

Triceps brachii Anconeus

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17
Q

What muscles contribute to forearm supination

A

Biceps brachii Supinator brachioradialis (assists)

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18
Q

What muscles contribute to forearm pronation?

A

pronator teres pronator quadratus brachioradialis (assists)

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19
Q

What muscles work in extension of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum (assists) Extensor indicis (assists)

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20
Q

What muscles work together in wrist flexion?

A

Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus (assists) Flexor pollicis longus (assists)

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21
Q

What muscles work together in abduction (radial deviation) of the wrist?

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus/Brevis Extensor pollicis Longus/Brevis Flexor carpi radialis Abductor pollicis longus

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22
Q

What muscles work together in adduction (ulnar deviation) of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi ulnaris

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23
Q

What muscles work to extend the 2nd through 5th fingers?

A

Extensor Digitorum Lumbricals Dorsal interossei (2nd-4th, assist) Palmar interossei (2nd, 4th, 5th assists) Extensor indicis (2nd)

24
What muscles flex the second through fifth fingers?
Flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus Flexor digit minimi brevis (5th) Lumbricals Dorsal interossei (2nd-4th, assists) Palmar interossei (2nd, 4th, 5th, assists)
25
What muscles work in thumb flexion?
Flexor pollicis longus/brevis Adductor pollicis (assists) Palmer interossei (1st, assists)
26
What muscles work in extension of the thumb?
extensor pollicis longus/brevis Abductor pollicis longus palmar interossei (1st, assists)
28
What muscles work for opposition of the thumb?
Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis (assists) Abductor pollicis brevis (assists)
29
What muscles work together in vertebral column flexion?
Rectus abdominis External Oblique (bilaterally) Internal Oblique (bilaterally) Psoas Major Iliacus
30
What muscles work together in vertebral column extension?
Quadratus Lumborum (assists) Interspinalis Intertravsersarii Latissimus Dorsi Erector Spinae Group (Bilaterally): Longissimus Iliocostalis Spinalis Transversospinal Group (Bilaterally): Multifidi Rotatores Sempispinalis Capitis
31
What muscles participate in rotation of the vertebral column?
External Oblique (to the opposite side) Internal Oblique (to the same side) Multifidi (to the opposite side) Rotatores (to the opposite side)
32
What muscles work together in vertebral column lateral flexion?
Erector Spinae Group: Iliocostalis Spinalis Longissimus External Oblique Internal Oblique Quadratus Lumborum Psoas Major (Assists) Intertransversarii Latissimus Dorsi (Assists)
33
What muscles work in elevation/expansion of the Ribs?
Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Scalene (bilaterally) Sternocleidomastoid (assists) External Intercostals (assists) Serratus Posterior Superior Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Serratus Anterior Subclavius
34
What muscles work together in Depression/collapsing of the Ribs/Thorax?
Internal Intercostals (assists) Serratus Posterior Inferior
35
What muscles work together in flexion of the cervical spine?
Sternocleidomastoid (bilaterally) Anterior Scalene (bilaterally) Longus Capitis (bilaterally) Longus Colli (bilaterally)
36
What muscles are synergists in extension of the cervical spine?
Upper Trapezius Levator scapula (bilaterally) Splenius Capitis (bilaterally) Splenius Cervicis (bilaterally) Rectus capitis posterior Major Rectus capitis posterior Minor Oblique capitis Superior Semispinalis Capitis Longissimus Capitis (assists) Longissimus Cervicis (assists) Iliocostalis cervicis (assists) Multifidi (bilaterally) Rotatores (bilaterally) Intertransversarii (bilaterally) Interspinalis
37
What muscles do rotation of the cervical spine to the same side?
Levator Scapula Splenius Capitis Splenius cervicis Rectus capitis posterior major Oblique capitis inferior Longus Colli Longus Capitis Longissimus Capitis (assists) Longissimus cervicis (assists) Iliocostalis cervicis (assists)
38
What muscles do rotation of the cervical spine to the opposite side?
Upper Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Scalene Multifidi Rotatores
39
What muscles laterally flex the cervical spine?
Upper Trapezius Levator Scapulae Sternocleidomastoid Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Scalene Splenius Capitis Splenius Cervicis Longus Capitis Longus Coli Longissimus Capitis (assists) Longissimus Cervicis (assists) Iliocostalis Cervicis (assits) Oblique Capitis Superior Intertransversarii
40
What muscles elevate the mandible?
Masseter Temporalis Medial Pterygoid
41
What muscles depress the mandible?
Geniohyoid Mylohyoid Stylohyoid Digastric Platysma (assists)
42
What muscles work together in protraction of the mandible?
Lateral pterygoid (bilaterally) Medial pterygoid (bilaterally) Masseter (assists)
43
What muscles cause retraction of the mandible?
Temporalis Digastric
44
What muscles work to flex the hip joint?
Psoas Major Iliacus Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius Rectus femoris Gluteus medius (anterior fibers) Gluteus minimus Pectineus (assists) Adductor longus (assists) Adductor brevis (assists) Adductor magnus (assists)
45
What muscles extend at the hip joint?
Gluteus maximus (all fibers) Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Adductor magnus (posterior fibers) Gluteus medius (posterior fibers)
46
What muscles work in medial rotation (internal rotation) of the hip joint?
Gluteus medius (anterior fibers) Gluteus minimus Tensor fasciae latae Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Pectineus Gracilis Semitendinosus (assists) Semimembranosus (assists)
47
What muscles work in lateral rotation (external rotation) of the hip joint?
Gluteus maximus (all fibers) Piriformis Quadratus femoris Obturator internus Obturator externus Gemellus superior Gemellus inferior Gluteus medius (posterior fibers) Psoas major Iliacus Sartorius Biceps femoris (assists, long head)
48
What muscles work in abduction at the hip/coxal joint?
Gluteus maximus (all fibers) Gluteus medius (all fibers) Gluteus minimus Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius Piriformis (when hip is flexed)
49
What muscles work in adduction at the hip/coxal joint?
Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Pectineus Gracilis Gluteus maximus (lower fibers)
50
What muscles work to flex the knee joint?
Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Gracilis Sartorius Gastrocnemius Popliteus Plantaris (weakly)
51
What muscles work to extend at the knee joint?
Rectus femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Vastus intermedius
52
What muscles work to medially rotate a flexed knee?
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Gracilis Sartorius Popliteus
53
What muscles work to laterally rotate a flexed knee?
Biceps femoris
54
What muscles work in plantar flexion at the ankle (talocrural joint)?
Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis posterior Peroneus longus (assists) Peroneus brevis (assists) Flexor digitorum longus (weak) Flexor hallucis longus (weak) Plantaris (weak)
55
What muscles work in dorsiflexion at the ankle joint?
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus
56
What muscles work in inversion of the foot and toes?
Tibialis anterior Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Extensor hallucis longus
57
What muscles work in eversion of the foot and toes?
Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis Extensor digitorum longus
58
What muscles work in flexion of the second through fifth toes?
Flexor digitorum longus Flexor digitorum brevis Lumbricals Quadratus plantae (assists) Dorsal interossei (2nd-4th) Plantar interossei (3rd-5th) Abductor digiti minimi (5th) Flexor digiti minimi brevis (5th)
59
What muscles are working together to extend the second through fifth toes?
Extensor digitorum longus Extensor digitorum brevis (2nd-4th) Lumbricals

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