Syndromes

Question 1

Jefferson’s fracture

Answer 1

C1 burst fracture
Mechanism is axial loading
Atlantodental distance predicts integrity of transverse ligament
ADI <3mm in adults and <5mm in children
If transverse ligament intact then hard collar
If transverse ligament torn then halo

Question 2

Hangmans fracture

Answer 2

Traumatic spondylolesthesis of C2
Graded by the Levine and Edwards criteria
Mechanism is usually a road traffic accident
Surgical treatment for type 3 and some type 2

Question 3

Clay shoveler fracture

Answer 3

Avulsion fracture of the spinous process of C spine
Most commonly C7
Stable

Question 4

Non dominant parietal lobe syndrome

Answer 4

Hemispatial neglect
dressing apraxia
Topographic memory loss
anasognosia

Question 5

Benedikt syndrome

Answer 5

Midbrain dysfunction involving red nucleus and third nerve palsy
Causes ipsilateral occulomotor palsy and contralateral cerebellar dysfunction