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BMSc - Synaptic Plasticity and Cognition > Synaptic Plasticity and Memory > Flashcards

Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 forms of synaptic plasticity?

A

LTP
LTD
Depotentiation

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2
Q

What is depotentiation?

A

Initial LTP followed by LFS which brings the level of potentiation back to baseline

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3
Q

What is the main mechanism for maintaining LTP?

A

Changes in trafficking of AMPARs

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4
Q

Outline AMPAR receptor trafficking in LTP

A

NMDAR lets Ca2+ in
This activates CaM > CaMKII
CaMKII causes AMPAR phosphorylation so they can function on the membrane and allow current through

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5
Q

What is Hebb’s postulate

A

When the axon of cell A is near enough to excite cell B
And repeatedly does so
There is a growth/metabolic change in firing
So that the efficacy of B firing is stronger

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6
Q

Which neural circuits may synaptic plasticity be implemented in?

A

Reflex networks

Distributed associated network

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7
Q

Which criteria can be used to assess the synaptic plasticity and memory hypothesis?

A

Anterograde alteration
Retrogradation alteration
Detectability
Mimicry

Martin et al 2000

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8
Q

What is the anterograde alteration criteria?

A

If you block synaptic changes at the time of learning it should prevent learning/memory formation

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9
Q

What is the retrograde alteration criteria?

A

If you wipe out the learning induced synaptic changes, it should get rid of the memory

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10
Q

What is the detectability criteria for synaptic plasticity and memory?

A

Detectable changes should occur in the expected brain region

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11
Q

What is the mimicry criteria for synaptic plasticity and memory?

A

Should be able to create a memory of something that didn’t happen by altering the relevant part of the brain

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12
Q

How can you assess the anterograde alteration capacity of memory?

A

Blocking of NMDAR (with DL-AP5) receptors prevents LTP

Impairs MWM performance (bc doesn’t remember!)

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13
Q

How did Base et al 2005 demonstrate that synaptic plasticity learning is subject to anterograde alteration?

A

One-trial place memory task
Food in sandwells
With NMDAR antag BEFORE first exposure to food cant find again
NMDAR antag AFTER first exposure can find

ie NMDAR needed for memory formation but not retrieval

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14
Q

Which receptors are needed for memory retrieval?

A

AMPAR

Base et al 2005

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15
Q

Which kind of AMPAR receptors are needed for LTP and where?

A

GluA2-lacking AMPARS

CA1

Zhou et al 2018

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16
Q

How do we know that GluA2-lacking AMPARs are needed for CA1 LTP?

A

GluA2 tails on gluA1 neurons stops em workin

Don’t have any increased searching and the Sandwell with food in compared to other sandwells

17
Q

Which receptors are required for full memory retrieval with partial information?

A

NMDAR at CA3

Nakazawa et al 2002

18
Q

What is ZIP?

A

Inhibitor of PKMzeta

19
Q

What is the effect of ZIP on LTP?

A

Reverse it (depotentiation)

Pastalkova et al 2006

20
Q

How do pastalkova et al demonstrate that ZIP erases spatial memory?

A

Shock animal in certain location until it learn to avoid it
Then given ZIP, essentially “unlearns” and goes back to sector

Pastalkova et al 2006

21
Q

What are the problems with detectability?

A

Where should you look in the brain? Many many neurons
How big a change are we looking for?
Is it saturable?

22
Q

Which type of learning is the amygdala associated with?

A

Fear learning

Associative conditioning

23
Q

In which ways is fear learning similar to LTP?

A

Traffics AMPARs to the post synaptic membrane

24
Q

Which type of neural network is evident in the hippocampus?

A

Distributed associative network

25
Q

Why is the morris water maze a good test for hippocampal synaptic plasticity?

A

Hippocampal NMDAR function and LTP needed to create spatial memory

26
Q

What is a distributive network?

A

One where CA1 neurons synapse on CA3

And then send signals back to their own dendritic fields and fields of neighbours

27
Q

What does a distributive complex allow for?

A

Retrieval of a whole memory from a partial one

28
Q

Why does PKMzeta inhibition cause depotentiation?

A

PKMzeta needed for AMPAR trafficking to membrane (to continue the phase I of LTP)

29
Q

Fear condition recruits AMPARs to the membrane in a similar way to LTP
T/F

A

T

Rumpel et al 2005

30
Q

What are the two main forms of memory?

A

Explicit

Implicit

31
Q

Where is declarative memory stored?

A

Hippocampus
Medial temporal lobe
Diencephalon

32
Q

Which kind of AMPARs are necessary for spatial memory formation?

A

GluA2 lacking

Zhou et al 2018

33
Q

NMDAR dependent plasticity is needed where for full memory recovery from partial information?

A

CA3

Nakazawa et al 2002

BMSc - Synaptic Plasticity and Cognition (5 decks)

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