synapses Flashcards

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1
Q

passe info à

A

n. prèsynaptique – n. postsynaptique dans fente synaptique

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2
Q

types de synapses

A

éléctriques
chimiques

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3
Q

synapses élec

A

jonctions ouvertes entre membranes plasmiques des neurones adjacents
pour mouvements rapides et invariables (rétine!)

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4
Q

synapses chimiques

A

avec neurotransmetteurs

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5
Q

processus synapse chimique

A
  1. dépol axone = membrane présynaptique
  2. ouvre canaux Ca 2+ vd et ENTRÉE Ca 2+
  3. [Ca] ++ = fusion de vésicule avec membrane (exocytose!!!!)
  4. neutrans lie à canal chimiodép, libère ions
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6
Q

ions libérés

A

K+
Na+
Cl-

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7
Q

K+ libéré

A
  • canal ouvre
  • K+ sort
  • hyperpol –> inhb neurone
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8
Q

Na+

A
  • canal ouvre
  • Na+ rentre
  • dépol = nouveau potentiel d’action
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9
Q

Cl-

A
  • Cl- rentre
  • hyperpol = inhib
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10
Q

PPSE

A

potentiel postsynaptique excitateur
dépol

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11
Q

PPSI

A

potentiel postsynaptique inhibiteur
hyperpol

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12
Q

PPSI

A

potentiel postsynaptique inhibiteur
hyperpol

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13
Q

sommation temporelle

A

2 PPSE rapprochés dans le temps - additionnent

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14
Q

sommation spatiale

A

2 PPSE en même temps mais à différentes places – additionnent = potentiel!!
PPSE et PPSI = desctructif

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15
Q

retour au repos

A
  1. dégradation neurotrans avec enzymes
  2. recapture avec neurone pré
  3. diffusion ext fente + recaptage par gliocytes
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