Symptoms/Complications Flashcards
1
Q
Coryza (Common Cold)
A
Symptoms: • Watery nasal discharge • Sneezing • Tiredness • Mild pyrexia (fever) • Malaise • Sore nose and throat
Complications: • Sinusitis • Acute bronchitis • Secondary infections (minority) • Otitis media (sore ear)
2
Q
Sinusitis
A
Symptoms: • Frontal headache, facial pain • Purulent rhinorrhoea • Fever • Acute: 1 week – 1 month • Subacute: 1-3 months • Chronic: >3 months
3
Q
Rhinitis
A
Symptoms: • Nasal irritation, rhinorrhoea, sneezing • Itchy eyes and ears • Irritated soft palate • Wheeze
4
Q
Pharyngitis
A
Symptoms:
• Sore throat
• Tonsillar lymph nodes enlargement
• Localised endemics of fever and conjunctivitis
5
Q
Laryngotracheobronchitis
A
Symptoms: • Hoarseness • Barking cough (croup) • Stridor • Progressive airway obstruction
6
Q
Epiglottitis
A
Symptoms:
• Severe airflow obstruction
• High fever
7
Q
Influenza
A
Symptoms: • Abrupt fever • Shivering and aching • Severe headache • Sore throat + dry cough
8
Q
Bronchitis
A
Symptoms: • Irritating dry cough; becomes productive • Wheeze • Breathlessness • Mild fever
9
Q
Pneumonia
A
Symptoms: • Fever and rigors • Pleuritic chest pain • Anorexia • Breathlessness • Cough – dry or productive
10
Q
COPD
A
Symptoms: • Productive cough • Wheeze • Breathlessness • Infective exacerbations
Complications: • Hypertension • Osteoporosis • Weight loss • Cor pulmonale
11
Q
Asthma
A
Symptoms: • Chest tightness • Wheeze • Dry cough • Breathlessness (worse at night)
12
Q
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
A
Symptoms: • Loud snoring • Daytime sleepiness • Unrefreshed/restless sleep • Headache • Large neck and tongue • Small mandible
13
Q
Bronchiectasis
A
Symptoms: • Productive cough (yellow-green sputum, can become haemoptysis) • Halitosis (bad breath) • Recurrent febrile episodes, malaise • Clubbing • Coarse crackles, pneumonic episodes
Complications: • Pneumonia, pneumothorax • Empyema • Metastatic cerebral abscesses • Life-threatening haemoptysis
14
Q
Lung Abscess
A
Symptoms: • Persisting pneumonia • Foul sputum • Malaise • Weight loss • Raised inf. markers
15
Q
Cystic Fibrosis
A
Symptoms: • Recurrent infections • Sinusitis, nasal polyps • Breathlessness • Haemoptysis • Steatorrhoea • Meconium ileus • Malabsorption • Abnormal teenage milestones
16
Q
Tuberculosis
A
Symptoms: • Persistent productive cough (>3weeks) + occasional haemoptysis • Weight loss • Night sweats/fever • Fatigue • Hoarseness • Pleuritic pain
17
Q
Sarcoidosis
A
Symptoms: • Erythema nodosum • Fatigue • Weight loss • Uveitis • Peripheral lymphadenopathy
18
Q
Wegener’s Granulomatosis
A
Symptoms:
• Severe rhinorrhoea ->nasal mucosa ulcer
• Cough/haemoptysis
• Pleuritic pain
• Occasionally involves skin and nervous system.
19
Q
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
A
Symptoms: • Rhinitis and asthma • Breathlessness • Systemic vasculitis (fever, sweats, fatigue, weight loss, rash) • Cough • Difficulty passing urine • Cold peripheries
20
Q
Systemic Lupus Erythematosis
A
Symptoms: • Joint pain, fatigue • Skin rash • Pleurisy with or w/o effusion • Effusions (usually small/bilateral) • Basal pneumonitis (restricted chest movement due to pleural pain)
21
Q
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
A
Symptoms: • Progressive breathlessness • Dry cough • Cyanosis • Fine bilateral end-inspiratory crackles • Clubbing • Assoc. with autoimmune diseases
22
Q
Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)
A
Symptoms: • Fever/malaise • Cough, breathlessness, wheeze • Coarse end-inspiratory crackles • Weight loss and IPF features (chronic)
23
Q
Coal-worker’s Pneumoconiosis
A
Symptoms:
• Considerable effort dyspnoea
• Cough + black sputum
24
Q
Asbestosis
A
Symptoms:
• Progressive breathlessness
• Clubbing
• Bilateral basal end-inspiratory crackle
25
Pneumothorax
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Symptoms:
• Sudden onset pleuritic pain
• Increasing breathlessness
• Pallor, tachycardia
• Mediastinal shift (tension pneumothorax)
```
26
Empyema
Symptoms:
• Ongoing fever
• Persistent pneumonic symptoms
27
Pleural Effusions
Symptoms:
• Breathlessness
• Sometimes chest pain but rarely
28
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Symptoms:
• Breathlessness
• Tachypnoea
• Increasing hypoxaemia
• Central cyanosis
• Fine bilateral crackles
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29
Pulmonary Hypertension/Cor Pulmonale
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Symptoms:
• Progressive breathlessness
• Ankle oedema
• Parasternal heave
• Tricuspid regurgitation
• Pulmonary hypertension
• RV hypertrophy
• Elevated JVP
• Ascites
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30
Pulmonary Embolism
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Symptoms:
• Sudden breathlessness
• Sudden chest pain + haemoptysis
• Tachypnoea
• Fever
• Pleural rub
• Raised JVP
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31
Pulmonary Oedema
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Symptoms:
• Breathlessness
• Orthopnoea
• Cough + haemoptysis
• Leg/abdominal swelling
• Pale skin
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32
Lung Cancer
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Symptoms:
• Cough ( >3 weeks)
• Breathlessness
• Haemoptysis
• Chest pain
• Wheeze
• Hoarseness
• Dysphagia
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