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OCANZ Optometry > Symptoms Assoc With Pathology > Flashcards

Symptoms Assoc With Pathology Flashcards

0
Q

Sudden Painless loss of vision

A

CRAO
Massive Vitreous Haemorrhage
Retinal Detachment (Macula off)
Ischaemic CRVO

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1
Q

Defective vision

A 
Most common ocular symptom
Enquire about:
Onset (sudden vs gradual)
Duration
Painfully vs Painless
Worsening conditions
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2
Q

Sudden Painless onset of defective vision

A

Central Serous Retinopathy
Optic Neuritis
Methyl alcohol amblyopia
Non-ischaemic CRVO

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3
Q

Sudden Painful loss of vision

A

Acute congestive Glaucoma
Acute Iridocyclitis
Chemical & Mechanical injuries

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4
Q

Gradual Painless defective vision

A 
Progressive pterygium
Corneal degenerations
Corneal dystrophies
Cataract
Optic Atrophy
Chorioretinal degenerations
ARMD
DRP
Ametropias
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5
Q

Gradual Painful defective vision

A

Chronic Iridocyclitis
Corneal ulceration
Chronic glaucoma

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6
Q

Transient Vision Loss

Amaurosis fugal

A 
Carotid Artery disease
Papilloedema
GCA
Migraine
Raynaud's disease
Severe Hypertension
Prodromal symptom of CRAO
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7
Q

Night Blindness

Nyctalopia

A 
Vit. A deficiency
RP
Tapetoretinal degenerations
Congenital night blindness 
Pathological myopia
Peripheral cortical cataract
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8
Q

Day blindness

Hamarlopia

A

Polar cataract
Central corneal opacity
Central vitreous opacity
Congenital cone deficiency

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9
Q

Reduced near vision

A

Presbyopia
Cycloplegia
Internal or total ophthalmoplegia
Accom insuff.

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10
Q

Black spots or floaters

A

Vitreous hemorrhage
Vitreous degeneration (senile vs path myopia)
Exudates in vitreous
Lenticular opacities

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11
Q

Flashes

Photopsia

A 
Traction on retina
PVD
Prodromal to RD
Vitreous traction bands
Sudden = retinal tear 
Retinitis
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12
Q

Distorted vision

Micropsia, Macropsia & metamorphopsia

A

Macular lesions eg.

Central Chorioretinitis

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13
Q

Coloured Halos

A

Acute congestive Glaucoma
Early cataract
Mucopurulent conjunctivitis

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14
Q

Uni-ocular diplopia

A 
Subluxated lens
Double pupil (polycoria)
Incipient cataract
Keratoconus
Eccentric IOL
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15
Q

Diplopia (proper)

A 
Paralytic tropia
Myasthenia gravis
Diabetes mellitus
Thyroid disorders
Blow out fracture
Anisometropic Rx
Post EOM Sx with ARC present (paradoxical diplopia)
16
Q

Hyperlacrimation

A

Primary hyperlacrimation
Reflex hyperlacrimation
Central or psychical hyperlacrimation

17
Q

Primary hyperlacrimation

A

Rare condition
Direct stimulation of lacrimal gland
Tumour, cysts or parasympathomimetic drugs

18
Q

Reflex hyperlacrimation

A 
Lids - stye, hordeola, meibomitis, trichiasis, concretions &entropion
Conj - conjunctivitis (any)
Cornea - abrasion, ulcer & non-ulcerative keratitis
Sclera - scleritis, episcleritis
Uvea - iritis, cyclitis, Iridocyclitis 
Acute Glaucoma
Endophthalmitis & panophthalmitis
Orbital cellulitis
19
Q

Epiphora

Watering due to blockage

A

Physiological - lacrimal pump failure
Mechanical - obstruction of lacrimal passages

Think Jones test & Regurgitation test

20
Q

Epiphora - physiological

A

Lower lid laxity

Weakness of m.orbicularis oculi

21
Q

Ephiphora - mechanical

A

Punctal eversion
Punctal obstruction - FB, concretion, cilia, chemburn, inj, infect, stenosis due to prolonged idoxuridine or pilocarpine
Canaliculitis ( due to actinomyces)
Lacrimal sac - cong. Mucus mem folds, strictures, dacryocystitis, TB, syphilis, tumor & atonia of the sac
Naso-lacrimal duct - non-canalization, inflammation & tumor

22
Q

Discharge

Ascertain:

A

Mucoid
Mucopurrulent
Purulent
Serosanguinous or ropy

23
Q

Discharge

A 
Conjunctivitis
Corneal ulcer
Stye
Burst Orbital abscess
Dacryocystitis
24
Q

Itch, burn & FB sensation

A 
Chronic simple conjunctivitis
Dry eye
Trachoma
Conj inflammations
Trichiasis 
Entropion
25
Q

Redness

A

Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Iridocyclitis
Acute glaucoma

26
Q

Ocular pain

A

Chk onset, severity, assoc symptoms
Main feature of ocular inflammations & acute glaucoma
May be referred pain from surrounding structures

27
Q

Asthenopia
(Mild eye or head ache, tiredness)
Assoc with near work

A

EOM imbalance

Uncorrected refractive error

28
Q

Swelling on lids

A

Chalazion

Tumours

OCANZ Optometry (11 decks)

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