Sympathomimetics

Question 0

Epinephrine

Answer 0

Low concentration, beta>alpha
Cardiac stimulation (beta 1)
Bronchodilation (beta 2)

Use: anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest, reduction of bleeding during surgery, prolong action of local anesthetics

Question 1

Norepinephrine

Answer 1

Vasoconstriction (alpha 1)

Use: hypotension, shock

Question 2

Dopamine

Answer 2

Renal vasodilation (D1)
Inhibition of NE release (D2)

> cardiac stimulation (beta 1)

> increased BP (alpha 1)

Use: cardiogenic shock, septic shock, adjunct in hypovolemic shock

Question 3

Phenylephrine

Answer 3

Direct alpha adrenergic agonist

Vasoconstriction, increased BP, mydriasis (alpha 1)

Use: nasal decongestion, mydriasis w/o cycloplegia, hypotension, terminate paroxysmal atrial tachy

Question 4

Methoxamine

Answer 4

Direct alpha agonist

Vasoconstriction (alpha 1)

Use: terminate paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

Question 5

Clonidine

Answer 5

Direct alpha agonist

Alpha 2 selective (vascular and CNS)

Use:
Hypertension, esp. in renal disease (central action), benzo and opiate withdrawal

Question 6

Dobutamine

Answer 6

Direct beta agonist

Cardiac stim (beta 1) > vasodilation (beta 2)

Use: cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, cardiac stim

Question 7

Isoproterenol

Answer 7

Direct beta agonist

Cardiac stimulation (beta 1)
Bronchodilation (beta 2)

Use: asthma, refractory AV block, refractory bradycardia

Question 8

Albuterol

Metaproterenol

Answer 8

Direct beta agonist

bronchodilation (beta 2)

Use: asthma

Question 9

Terbutaline

Ritodrine

Answer 9

Direct beta agonist

Bronchodilation, uterine relaxation (beta 2)

Use: asthma and premature labor

Question 10

Salmetrol

Answer 10

Direct beta agonist

Long lasting beta 2 agonist

Use: asthma

Question 11

Ephedrine

Pseudoephedrine

Answer 11

Mixed acting adrenergic agonists

Weak adrenergic activity; indirect enhancement of synaptic norepi
Significant CNS stim

Use: decongestant (main), bronchospasm, hypotension

Question 12

Amphetamine

Answer 12

Indirect acting adrenergic agonist

Increase norepi release

Use: ADHD, narcolepsy

Question 13

Cocaine

Answer 13

Indirect acting adrenergic agonist

Inhibition of norepi and dopamine uptake

Use: analogues for local anesthesia

Question 14

Tyramine

Answer 14

Indirect acting adrenergic agonist

Taken up by nerve terminals, then causes release of NE

No use, can cause hypertensive emergency in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors