Sympathomimetic drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Midodrine
(Phenylephrine)
A
- α1 agonist
- MOA
- activates phospholipase C→increased intracellular Ca and vasoconstriction
- Effects
- vascular smooth muscle contraction increasing BP
- Clinical
- orthostatic hypotension
- Kinetics, tox, int.
- oral prodrug converted to active drug with 1-h peak effect
- tox: supine hypertension, piloerection (goose bumps), urinary retention
2
Q
Clonidine
(α-methyldopa, guanfacine, guanabenz)
(dexomedetomidine, tizanidine, apraclonidine & brimonidine)
A
- α2 agonist
- MOA
- inhibits adenylyl cyclase and interacts with other intracellular pathways
- Effects
- vasoconstriction is masked by central sympatholytic effect, which lowers BP
- Clinical
- hypertension
- Kinetics, tox, int.
- oral, transdermal
- peak effect 1-3h, t1/2 of oral drug approx 12h
- xerostomia, sedation
3
Q
Dobutamine
A
- β1 agonist (and other actions)
- MOA
- activates adenylyl cyclase increasing myocardial contractility
- Effects
- positive inotropic effect
- Clinical
- cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure
- Kinetics, tox, int.
- IV, requires titration to desired effect
4
Q
Albuterol
A
- β2 agonist
- MOA
- activates adenylyl cyclase
- Effect
- bronchial smooth muscle dilation
- Clinical
- asthma
- Kinetics, tox, int.
- inhalation
- duration 4-6h
- tox: tremor, tachycardia
5
Q
Mirabegron
A
- β3 agonist
- MOA
- activates adenylyl cyclase
- Effects
- reduces bladder tone
- Clinical
- urinary urgency
- Kinetics, tox, int.
- oral
- duration 50h
- tox: possible hypertension
6
Q
Fenoldopam
A
- D1 agonist
- MOA
- activates adenylyl cyclase
- Effects
- vascular smooth muscle relaxation
- Clinical
- hypertension
- Kinetics, tox, int.
- requires dose titration
7
Q
Bromocriptine
A
- D2 agonist
- MOA
- inhibits adenylyl cyclase and interacts with other intracellular pathways
- Effects
- mimics dopamine actions in CNS
- Clinical
- Parkinson’s
- prolactinemia
- Kinetics, tox, int.
- oral
- tox: nausea, headache, orthostatic hypotension
