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PNS - FINAL > Sympathetic Trunk > Flashcards

Sympathetic Trunk Flashcards

1
Q

Two paravertebral columns of interconnected ganglia?

A

Sympathetic trunk

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2
Q

The fibers carried in the sympathetic trunk are ______ and _____?

A

Ascending and descending

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3
Q

How many ganglia are usually in each sympathetic trunk?

A

21-22

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4
Q 
Name numbers of ganglia:
\_\_\_\_ cervical
\_\_\_\_ thoracic
\_\_\_\_ lumbar
\_\_\_\_ sacral
A

3 cervical
11 thoracic
4 lumbar
4 sacral

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5
Q

The sympathetic trunk extends from _____ to _____

A

Superior cervical ganglion to

Ganglion impar

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6
Q

The cervical sympathetic trunk and ganglia lies between the _____ and the _______.

A

The carotid sheath and

Longus collie and capitis muscles

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7
Q

Are there white rami communicans in the cervical trunk?

A

NO

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8
Q

Are there gray rami communicans in the cervical trunk?

A

Yes - for all of them

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9
Q

There are 3 cervical ganglia - they are?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia

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10
Q

What forms the stellate ganglion?

A

Fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion with the first cervical ganglion.

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11
Q

Which is the largest of the cervical ganglion?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

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12
Q

Which ganglion is formed by the fusion of the upper four cervical ganglia?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

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13
Q

The superior cervical ganglion is located at what level?

A

C2-C3

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14
Q

The superior cervical ganglion is between _______ and the _______.

A

Carotid sheath and longus capitis muscles.

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15
Q

What fibers are distributed by the superior cervical ganglion through which branches?

A

postganglionic sympathetic,

Anterior, medial, and lateral

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16
Q

Lateral branches of the superior cervical ganglion are the _______.

A

Gray rami communicans

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17
Q

The lateral branches of the superior cervical ganglion communicate with the _____________.

A

Anterior primary rami of C1-C4

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18
Q

What cranial nerves does the lateral branch of the superior cervical ganglion communicate with?

A

CN. IX, X, XII

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19
Q

The medial branches of the superior cervical ganglion travel to which areas?

A

Larynx, pharynx, and heart

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20
Q

The medial of the superior cervical ganglion that go to the heart are called the ______.

A

Superior cardiac nerves

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21
Q

Are the superior cardiac nerves same as vague?

A

NO

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22
Q

The superior cardiac nerves carry _______ information only.

A

efferent

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23
Q

The anterior branches of the superior cervical ganglion innervates what? That supply what?

A

Vessels,

Blood to structures inside and outside the skull

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24
Q

The anterior branches of the superior cervical ganglion follow what?

A

Common and external carotid arteries

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25
Q

Which is the smallest of the cervical sympathetic ganglia?

A

Middle cervical ganglia

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26
Q

The middle cervical ganglia is located at what level?

A

C6

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27
Q

The middle cervical ganglion communicates with ________ nerve via what?

A

Anterior primary rami of C5 and C6

Gray rami communicans

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28
Q

The thyroid branches of the middle cervical ganglion are primarily what type of nerves?

A

vasomotor

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29
Q

The middle cervical ganglion has what 2 types of branches besides the communication with C5/C6?

A

Thyroid branches and cardiac branches

30
Q

The thyroid branches of the middle cervical ganglion reach what glands?

A

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid gland

31
Q

The cardiac branches if the middle cervical ganglion make up what nerves.

A

Middle cardiac nerves.

32
Q

These middle cardiac nerves contribute to what?

A

Deep part of the cardiac plexus

33
Q

80% of the time the inferior cervical ganglion does what?

A

Fuses with the first thoracic ganglion to form the stellate ganglion.

34
Q

The inferior cervical ganglion lies at the level of ______ and _______.

A

C7 transverse process

Neck of 1st rib

35
Q

The inferior cervical ganglion communicates ___________ via __________.

A

Anterior primary rami of C7 and C8 (+T1 if fused to form stellate).
Gray rami communicans

36
Q

Cardiac branches of the inferior cervical ganglion travel to the heart as what?

A

Inferior cardiac nerves

37
Q

Branches if the inferior cervical ganglion are sent to what structure?

A

Subclavian artery

38
Q

The branches of the inferior cervical ganglion form what around the subclavian artery?

A

plexuses

39
Q

The plexuses are formed by the inferior cervical ganglion are around the subclavian artery and it’s branches, principally the ________.

A

Auxiliary artery and

Vertebral artery

40
Q

There are usually how many thoracic ganglia?

A

11, sometimes 12

41
Q

Which thoracic nerves have a white ramus communicans?

A

ALL of them

42
Q

Which thoracic nerves have a gray ramus communicans?

A

ALL of them

43
Q

In the superior thorax, the thoracic ganglia are located where?

A

Anterior to the rib heads

44
Q

In the lower part, the thoracic ganglia are located where?

A

On the lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies

45
Q

Branches for which thoracic ganglia supply the heart and lungs?

A

Upper 5

46
Q

The upper 5 thoracic ganglia travel in which direction to supplies structures in the thoracic cavity?

A

medially

47
Q

The upper 5 thoracic ganglia carry what type of fibers and what type of information?

A

Postganglionic fibers

Visceral afferents

48
Q

What three splanchnic nerves are associated with the lower segments of the thoracic trunk?

A

Greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves

49
Q

The splanchnic nerves of the lower thoracic segments carry what type of fibers and what type of information, to which cavities?

A

Preganglionic fibers
Visceral afferent information
Abdominal and pelvic cavities

50
Q

The greater splanchnic nerve is formed from the ______?

A

5th - 9th ganglia

51
Q

The greater splanchnic nerve sometimes terminates in the ________?

A

Celiac plexus

52
Q

This nerve sometimes terminates in the celiac plexus.

A

Greater splanchnic nerve

53
Q

The lesser splanchnic nerve is formed by fibers from _______.

A

9th & 10th or 10th & 11th ganglia

54
Q

The lesser splanchnic nerve ends in the _______.

A

aorticorenal ganglion

55
Q

This nerve ends in the aorticorenal ganglion.

A

Lesser splanchnic nerve

56
Q

The least splanchnic nerve is formed by fibers from ___?

A

The 12th ganglion

57
Q

The least splanchnic nerve terminates in the ______?

A

renal plexus

58
Q

The renal plexus is where which nerve terminates?

A

Least splanchnic nerve

59
Q

The lumbar sympathetic trunks like in which space?

A

retroperitoneal

60
Q

The lumbar sympathetic trunk lies where?

A

On the lateral aspects of the lumbar vertebral bodies.

61
Q

How many lumbar ganglia are there usually?

A

four

62
Q

Which lumbar nerves have a white ramus communicans?

A

1 and 2, sometimes 3

63
Q

The white ramus communicans carries what types of axons into the sympathetic trunk?

A

preganglionic sympathetic

64
Q

Which of the lumbar nerves have gray ramus communicans?

A

ALL four of them

65
Q

2-4 of what type of nerves carry preganglionic axons to the plexus surround the abdominal aorta?

A

Lumbar splanchnic nerves

66
Q

2-4 lumbar splanchnic nerves carry what type of fibers to a plexus that surrounds what structure?

A

Preganglionic

Abdominal aorta

67
Q

The sacral sympathetic trunk lie on the anterior of what, medial to what?

A

Sacrum,

Anterior sacral foramina

68
Q

How many ganglia are present in the sacral sympathetic trunk?

A

4 or 5

69
Q

Gray rami communicans are associated with which sacral nerves was well as _______.

A

All

Coccygeal nerve

70
Q

The two sympathetic trunks travel medially as they descend and meet to form the ______.

A

Ganglion impar

71
Q

Where is the ganglion impar formed?

A

On the anterior surface of the coccyx.

PNS - FINAL (1 decks)

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