Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 1

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

Thoracolumbar division

Short preganglionic cells, long post ganglionic cells

Question 2

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 2

Craniosacral Division

long pregranglionic cells and short post ganglionic cells

Question 3

What does the parasympathetic nervous system innervate?

Answer 3

Eye- circular or sphincter muscles of pupil to constrict and cause miosis.

Heart- SA node to reduce HR, and AV node to slow conduction.

Bronchioles- innervates smoothe muscles of bronchi to cause constriction

GI tract- promotes ecretion and motility

Bladder- detrusor muscle. Causes bladder to empty.

Question 4

What does the sympathetic nervous system innervate?

Answer 4

Eye- radial (dilator muscle) causes mydriadsis. cilliary body to stimulate production of aqeous humor.

Heart- accelerates SA node pacemaker depolarization, increases inward Ca current and funny current to promote faster depolarization during phase 4 of SA AP and lowers threshold of activation (increased HR). increase Ca influx in myocytes increases contractility.

Bronchioles- relaxation of SM

Blood vessels- contract and relax depending on the receptor

GI- decreased motility

Bladder- inhibits emptying

Metabolism- increases blood sugar

Question 5

Adrenergic receptors

Answer 5

coupled to G proteins that mediate receptor signaling by altering ion channel conductance, adenylyl cyclase activity, PLC activation, as well as gene expression.