syllabus Flashcards
HSC Cores
- Health priorities in Australia
- Factors affecting performance
- Sports medicine
- Improving performance
Core 1
Critical questions
- How are priority issues for Australia’s health identified?
- What are priorities issues for improving Australia’s health?
- What role do health care facilities and services play in achieving better health for all Australians?
- What actions are needed to address Australians health priorities
How are priority issues for Australia’s health identified?
Measuring health status
- role of epidemiology
- measure of epidemiology (mortality, infant mortality, morbidity, life expectancy)
Identifying priority health issues
- social justice principles
- priority population groups
- prevalence of condition
- potential for prevention and early intervention
- costs to the individual and community
What are priorities issues for improving Australia’s health?
groups experiencing health inequities
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander
- Socioeconomically disadvantaged people
- people in rural and remote areas
- overseas-born people
- the elderly
- people with disabilities
High levels of preventable chronic disease, injury and mental health problems
- CVD
- Cancer (skin, breast, lung)
- diabetes
- respiratory disease
- injury
- mental health problems and illnesses
A growing and ageing populations
- healthy ageing
- Increased population living with chronic disease and disability
- demand for health services and workforce shortages
- availability of carers and volunteers
What role do health care facilities and services play in achieving better health for all Australians?
Health care in Australia
- range and type of facilities and services
- responsibility for health facilities and services
- equity of access to health facilities and services
- health care expenditure on early intervention and prevention
- impact of emerging new treatments and technologies on health care eg cost and access, benefits of early detection
- health insurance: Medicare and private
Complementary and and alternative health care approaches
- reasons for growth of complementary and alternative health products and services
- range of products and services available
- how to make informed consumer choices
What actions are needed to address Australia’s health priorities?
Health promotion based on the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter
- levels of responsibility for health promotion
- the benefits of partnerships in health promotion eg government sector, non-government agencies and the local community
- how health promotion based on the Ottawa Charter promotes social justice
- the Ottawa charter in action
Core 2
Critical question
- How does training affect performance?
- How can psychology affect performance?
- How can nutrition and recovery strategies affect performance?
- How does the acquisition of skill affect performance?
How does training affect performance?
Energy systems
- alactacid system (ATP/TC)
- lactic acid system
- aerobic system
Types of training and training methods
- aerobic eg continuous, fartlek, aerobic interval, circuit
- anaerobic eg anaerobic interval
- flexibility eg static, ballistic, PNF, dynamic
- strength training eg free/fixed weights, elastic, hydraulic
Principles of training
- progressive overload
- specificity
- reversibility
- variety
- training thresholds
- warm up and cool down
Physiological adaptations in response to training
- resting heart rate
- stroke volume and cardiac output
- oxygen uptake and lung capacity
- hemoglobin level
- muscle hypertrophy
- effect on fast/slow twitch muscle fibers
How can psychology affect performance?
Motivation
- positive and negative
- intrinsic and extrinsic
Anxiety and arousal
- trait and state anxiety
- sources of stress
- optimum arousal
Psychological strategies to enhance motivation and manage anxiety
- concentration/attention skills (focusing)
- mental rehearsal/visualization/imagery
- relaxation techniques
- goal-setting
How can nutrition and recovery strategies affect performance?
Nutritional considerations
- pre-performance including carbohydrate loading
- during performance
- post-performance
Supplementation
- vitamins/minerals
- protein
- caffeine
- creatine products
Recovery strategies
- physiological strategies eg cool down, hydration
- neural strategies eg hydrotherapy, massage
- tissue damage strategies eg cryotherapy
- psychological strategies eg relaxation
How does the acquisition of skill affect performance?
Stages of skill acquisition
- cognitive
- associative
- autonomous
Characteristics of the learner eg personality, heredity, confidence, prior experience, ability
The learning environment
- the nature of the skill (open, closed, self-paced, externally-paced)
- the performance elements (decision-making, strategic and tactical development)
- practice method (massed, distributed, whole, part)
- feedback (internal, external, concurrent, delayed, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance)
Assessment of skill and performance
- characteristics of skilled performance eg kinesthetic sense, anticipation, consistency, technique
- objective and subjective performance measures
- validity and reliability of tests
- personal versus prescribed judging criteria
Core 3
Criteria questions
- How are sports injuries classified and managed?
- How does sports medicine address the demands of specific athletes?
- What role do preventative actions play in enhancing the wellbeing of the athlete?
- How is injury rehabilitation managed?
How are sports injuries classified and managed?
Ways of classify sports injuries
- direct and indirect
- soft and hard tissue
- overuse
Soft tissue injuries
- tears, sprains, contusions
- skin abrasions, lacerations, blisters
- inflammatory disease
Hard tissue injuries
- fractures
- dislocation
Assessment of injuries
- TOTAPS (talk, observe, touch, active and passive movement, skills test)
How does sports medicine address the demands of specific athletes?
Children and young athletes
- medical conditions (asthma, diabetes, epilepsy)
- overuse injuries (stress fractures)
- thermoregulation
- appropriateness of resistance training
Adult and ages athletes
- heart conditions
- fracture/ bone density
- flexibility/ joint mobility
Female athletes
- eating disorders
- iron deficiency
- bone density
- pregnancy
What role do preventative actions play in enhancing the wellbeing of the athlete?
Physical preparations
- pre-screening
- skill and technique
- physical warmup
- warm up, stretching and cool down
Sports policy and the sports environment
- rules of sports and activities
- modified rules for children
- matching of opponents eg growth and development, skill level
- use of protective equipment
- safe grounds, equipment and facilities
Environmental considerations
- temperature regulation (convection, radiation, conduction, evaporation)
- climatic conditions (temperature, humidity, wind, rain, attitude, pollution)
- guidelines for fluid intake
- acclimatization
Taping and bandaging
- preventative taping
- taping for isolation of injury
- bandaging for immediate treatment of injury
