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CCNA > Switching > Flashcards

Switching Flashcards

1
Q

Features of access layer switches

A 
Port security
VLANs
Fast/gigabit Ethernet
PoE
Link aggregation
QoS
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2
Q

Features of distribution layer and core switches

A 
Layer 3 support
High forwarding rate 
Gigabit/10 gigabit Ethernet 
Redundant components 
Security policies/ACLs
Link aggregation
QoS
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3
Q

5 basic LAN switch functions

A 
Learning
Aging
Flooding
Selective forwarding
Filtering
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4
Q

Data VLAN

A

Configured to carry only user-generated traffic, ensuring that voice and management traffic is separated from data traffic

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5
Q

Default VLAN

A

All the ports on a switch are members of the default VLAN when the switch is reset to defaults. The default VLAN for Cisco is VLAN 1.

It is best practice to restrict VLAN 1 to serve as a conduit only for layer 2 control traffic (CDP, VTP, etc.) and no other traffic

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6
Q

Black hole VLAN

A

Security best practice is to define a black hole VLAN to be a dummy VLAN distinct from all other VLANs defined in the LAN. All unused switch ports are assigned to the black hole VLAN

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7
Q

management VLAN

A

a VLAN defined by the network admin as a means to access the management capabilities of the switch

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8
Q

voice VLAN

A

separates voice traffic from data traffic

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9
Q

how are VLANs identified?

A

IEEE 802.1q frame tagging

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10
Q

VTP

A

cisco’s VLAN trunking protol
-layer 2 messaging protocol that maintains VLAN config consistency by managing the additions, deletions, and name changes of VLANs across networks

-VTP domain boundaries are by created by routers or layer 3 switches

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11
Q

3 VTP device modes

A

Server-where VLANs are created, deleted, or renamed and changes advertised

client-receives config from server, can’t create its own

transparent-doesn’t participate, simply forwards VTP messages

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12
Q

STP

A

Spanning Tree Protocol

IEEE 802.1D
creates a tree that ensures there is only one one to each network segment at any one time.

If any segment experiences a disruption in connectivity, STP rebuilds a new tree by activating the previously inactive, but redundant, path.

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13
Q

BPDU

A

bridge protocol data unit

-message format used by STP

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14
Q

BID

A

bridge ID

unique to each switch and contains a priority

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15
Q

root bridge

A

bridge with lowest priority number

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16
Q

troubleshooting STP

A

1) determine root switch
2) for each non root switch, determine its root port and cost to reach the root switch thru that port
3) for each segment, determine the designated port and the cost advertised by the DB of that segment

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17
Q

configure VLAN in global config mode

A

VLAN vlan-id name vlan-name

apply to interface

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18
Q

common VLAN errors

A
  • native VLAN mismatches
  • trunk mode mismatches
  • VLANs and IP Subnets
  • allowed VLANs on trunks
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19
Q

VTP troubleshooting step 1

A
  • confirm switch names, topology, and VTP modes
  • identify sets of 2 neighbor switches that should be either VTP clients or servers or VLAN databases differ
  • on those switches verify trunk between them, same VTP domain, same VTP password
  • fix configuration issues
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20
Q

reasons for VLANs

A
  • grouping users by department instead of physical location
  • segmenting devices into smaller LANs to reduce processing overhead for all devices on the LAN
  • reducing the workload of STP by limiting a VLAN to a single switch
  • enforcing better security by isolating sensitive data to separate VLANs
  • separating IP voice form IP data
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21
Q

data VLAN

A

configure to carry only user-generated traffic, ensuring that voice and management traffic separated from data traffic

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22
Q

default VLAN

A

all the ports on a switch are members of the default VLAN when the switch is reset to defaults

the default VLAN for cisco is VLAN 1.

It is best practice to restrict VLAN 1 to serve as a conduit only for layer 2 control traffic (CDP, VTP, etc.) and no other traffic

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23
Q

black hole VLAN

A

security best practice is to define a black hole VLAN to be a dummy VLAN distinct from all other VLANs established in the LAN.

all unused switch ports are assigned to the black VLAN

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24
Q

How often are VTP advertisements sent?

A

5 mins

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25
Q

When viewing the show interface output on a catalyst switch, you notice a large number of runts, what could this indicate?

A

There is a possible problem with the duplex settings of the port

26
Q

A catalyst switch is running the default STP type. What type of STP is this?

A

PVST+

27
Q

All possible switch port modes for DTP

A

Trunk, access, dynamic desirable, dynamic-auto, no-negotiate

28
Q

Which protocol allows switches running RSTP to configure a group of VLANs into a single instance of STP?

A

MSTP

multiple spanning tree protocol

29
Q

Where do you want the root bridge to ideally be located?

A

At the center of the network in order to reduce STP convergence times

Changing the default priority of the switch is the best way to accomplish this

30
Q

Designing switched network for fast STP convergence

A

Use hierarchal design, make core switch the root bridge

31
Q

Portfast

A

Used to make a switch port move directly to forwarding mode. Usually used for ports with servers that can’t experience downtime during convergence

32
Q

BPDU gaurd

A

Puts a switch port into an error disabled state if it receives a BPDU with port fast enabled. This prevents you from plugging a switch or hub into a port fast port and creating a loop

33
Q

BPDUfilter

A

Immediately takes a port out of port fast mode if a BPDU is received, leaves the port up unlike BPDUGuard

34
Q

Command to see how many VLANs a switch will support

A

Show VTP status

35
Q

How to configure voice VLAN

A

Use mls qos command to set quality of service

Set qos trust settings for port

Switch port voice VLAN dot1p

36
Q

switchport dynamic desirable mode

A

Triggers the port to negotiate the link from nontrunk to trunk mode. The port negotiates to a trunk port if the connected device is in trunk state, desirable state, or auto state. Otherwise, the port becomes a nontrunk port.

37
Q

switchport dynamic auto mode

A

Enables a port to become a trunk only if the connected device has the state set to trunk or desirable. Otherwise, the port becomes a nontrunk port.

38
Q

command to determine current dtp mode

A

show dtp interface

39
Q

which command is used to verify trunk establishment?

A

show interfaces trunk

40
Q

PVST+

A

a Cisco enhancement of STP that provides a separate 802.1D spanning-tree instance for each VLAN that is configured in the network.

41
Q

RSTP

A

802.1w

an evolution of STP that provides faster STP convergence. This version addresses many convergence issues but, because it still provides a single instance of STP, it does not address the suboptimal traffic flow issues

42
Q

Rapid PVST+

A

a Cisco enhancement of RSTP that uses PVST+. It provides a separate instance of 802.1w per VLAN.

43
Q

MSTP

A

MSTP is an IEEE standard inspired by the earlier Cisco proprietary MISTP implementation. To reduce the number of required STP instances, MSTP maps multiple VLANs that have the same traffic flow requirements into the same spanning-tree instance

44
Q

What is the default spanning tree mode on Catalyst switches?

A

PVST+

45
Q

command to configure switch as root for a specific vlan

A

spanning-tree vlan# root primary

46
Q

command to configure switch as secondary root for specific vlan

A

spanning-tree vlan# root secondary

47
Q

command to set the spanning-tree type or mode on a switch

A

spanning-tree mode *modetype

48
Q

stages a switchport goes through before forwarding (spanning-tree)

A

blocking
listening
learning
forwarding

49
Q

commands to configure portfast as default on all on trunk ports and enable BPDU gaurd on all ports

A

SwitchX(config)# spanning-tree portfast bpduguard default

SwitchX(config)# spanning-tree portfast default

50
Q

PAgP

A

Port Aggregation Protocol. A Cisco proprietary protocol that enables ports with similar characteristics to form an EtherChannel through dynamic negotiation with adjoining switches

51
Q

LACP

A

Link Aggregation Control Protocol. An IEEE standard (802.3ad) that enables ports with similar characteristics to form an EtherChannel through dynamic negotiation with adjoining switches

52
Q

command to form an etherchannel

A

channel-group channel-group-number mode { active | on | auto | desirable | passive }

53
Q

PAgP modes

A

auto

desirable

54
Q

LACP modes

A

Active

Passive

55
Q

how to modify port settings for an ether channel

A

use etherchannel config mode, not individual interface config mode

ie interface port-channel 1

56
Q

command to display detailed info about port channel

A

show etherchannel port-channel

57
Q

STP cost of 10 Mb/s link

A

100

58
Q

STP cost of 100 Mb/s link

A

19

59
Q

STP cost of 1000 Mb/s link

A

4

60
Q

STP cost of 10,000 Mb/s link

A

2

CCNA (12 decks)

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