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Intro to Animal Science > Swine Exam > Flashcards

Swine Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Gilt?

A

A female pig prior to first litter or under the age of 2 years.

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2
Q

What is a Sow?

A

A female pig after first litter.

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3
Q

What is a Boar?

A

An intact male pig.

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4
Q

What is a Barrow?

A

A castrated male pig.

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5
Q

Duroc

A

National Swine Registry Breed
Origin: England
Color: red
Ears: down
- excellent marbling
- used as a terminal sire commercially

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6
Q

Yorkshire

A

National Swine Registry Breed
Origin: England
Color: Solid white color
ears: erect/up
- known as the mother breed for excellent maternal traits
- used commercially as a maternal breed

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7
Q

Hampshire

A

National Swine Registry Breed
Origin: England
Color: black with a white belt
ears: erect/up
- known for muscularity, poorer on the maternal side
- not used a lot commercially, but have terminal strengths

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8
Q

Landrace

A

National Swine Registry Breed
Origin: Denmark
Color: Solid white color
Ears: LARGE down
- known for their maternal ability, also have extra vertebrae
- large litters, extremely prolific
- used as a maternal breed commercially

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9
Q

Berkshire

A

National Swine Registry Breed
Origin: England
Color: mostly black body with white points (feet, nose, tail)
Ears: erect
- known for marbling ability and carcass quality
fastest growing breed in recent years
formerly a CPS breed

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10
Q

Spotted (or Spots)

A

Certified Pedigree Swine Breed
Origin: USA
Color: black and white spotted
Ears: down
- known as a muscular breed with added growth
used primarily as a terminal breed

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11
Q

Chester White

A

Certified Pedigree Swine Breed
Color: Solid white color
Ears: SMALL down
- one of the most versatile breeds
- known a bit more for their maternal strengths
- typically are more aggressive
- used commercially as a maternal breed

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12
Q

Poland China

A

Certified Pedigree Swine Breed
Color: black with white points
Ears: down
- versatile, known for larger litters and muscularity
- used to be one of the largest breeds in the USA 50+ years ago, but has since regressed

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13
Q

Hereford & Tamworth

A

These two breeds have little to no relevance in the commercial side of business but are growing in popularity in the show pig sector

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14
Q

Cross Breeding

A

Whiteline: Maternal, breeds A&B
HD: terminal

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15
Q

Typical time frame from conception to harvest

A
  • 300 days or less from conception to harvest
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16
Q

How long is a Sows pregnancy?

A

114 days
(3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)

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17
Q

How many days between birth and harvest?

A

160-190 days

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18
Q

When are piglets weaned?

A

About 21 days or less

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19
Q

How much time does a pig spend in nursery?

A

weaning to 8-10 weeks

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20
Q

How long is the growing/finishing phase?

A

3-4 months

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21
Q

Farrow to Wean

A

strictly a sow farm, only keeps pigs until weaned and then shipped and moved off-site to feed

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22
Q

Farrow to Feeder

A

Pigs are kept from farrow through the nursery phase

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23
Q

Feeder to Finisher

A

It is strictly a finishing operation, but feeder pigs and fed until harvest

24
Q

Farrow to Finish

A

All stages of production

25
Q

What is the goal farrowing percentage?

A

85%

26
Q

Parity

A

the number of litters a sow has carried (including current pregnancy)

27
Q

When to deworm sows?

A

2 weeks prior to being moved to the farrowing facility
treated for external parasites

28
Q

What happens to a sows feed 1 week before farrowing?

A

feed intake is reduced

29
Q

When should sows be moved to crate?

A

no later than day 111 of gestation

30
Q

when is milk present in teats?

A

24 hours prior to farrowing

31
Q

Why is farrowing induced?

A

optimize labor and production schedules
reduce pig mortality
heavier weights
allow for more cross-farrowing
increase of one pig per sow per year

32
Q

when is farrowing induced?

A

day 113

33
Q

what causes the greatest percentage of preweaning mortality?

A

Crushing - 54%
Followed by starvation, various known, scours, respiratory problems, and unknown

34
Q

when is colostrum needed?

A

within 6 hours of birth

35
Q

Naval Cord

A

cut to 3-4 inches, treated with iodine

36
Q

are the baby teeth clipped?

A

YES

37
Q

What management practices take place within 3 days of birth?

A

Controling anemia and scours
castration
tail docking
irons shots

38
Q

Temperature control

A

piglets need to be kept warm
95 degrees

39
Q

How heavy do piglets need to be before weaning?

A

heavier than 10 pounds

40
Q

What is important about lysine?

A

most limited amino acid in pigs
died must account for limited lysine levels

41
Q

Phase feeding

A

4 specific rations based on the time of production

42
Q

Split sex feeding

A

Splitting males and females for feeding because females are more lean

43
Q

Environmental control

A
  • manure management
  • odor management
  • air quality interventions
44
Q

What does a notch on the left ear signify?

A

represents the individual pigs number

45
Q

What does a notch on the right ear signify?

A

the litter number

46
Q

How many notcher per section

A

only two notches per section

47
Q

when is ear notching done

A

1-3 days after birth

48
Q

What affects pig health?

A

environment, nutrition, animal care/management, vaccination protocols

49
Q

Swine Dysentery (Scours)

A

Body system affected: Gastrointestinal
Cause: Bacteria
Type of swine affected: 8-14 weeks old
Treatment: antibiotics, sanitation
Symptoms: slows growth of pig, loose, frequent off colored feces, lethargy, dehydration

50
Q

Actinobacillus

A

Body system affected: respiratory
Cause: bacteria
Type of swine affected: finishing swine
Treatment: antibiotics
prevention: vaccine
Symptoms: abdominal breathing, high fever, sudden death

51
Q

Leptospirosis

A

Body system affected: reproductive
Cause: bacteria
Type of swine affected: boars and sows
prevention: vaccination program
Symptoms: results in abortion and stillbirths
ZOONOTIC - transmissible to humans

52
Q

Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

A

Body system affected: Reproductive and respiratory
Cause: virus
Type of swine affected: all
Symptoms: birth of premature litters; still borns; increased preweaning illness in piglets; respiratory disease in the nursery
Treatment: Vaccine

53
Q

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDs)

A

Body system affected: Digestive
Cause: Virus
Type of swine affected: all, but most severe on piglets (80% mortality)
Symptoms: causes severe watery diarrhea in pigs and vomiting, leading to severe dehydration which is what causes death
treatment: No vaccine only prevention is with biosecurity plans

54
Q

Parasites

A

Common types: mange, lice, roundworms, threadworms, nodular worms
causes: lack of sanitation
Treatment: spraying with insecticides for mange and lice, use of deworming agents on worms
symptoms: presence of the parasite on the hair or in the feces, loss of hair and scaling skin, reduced performance

55
Q

Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)

A

Body system affected: Nervous
Cause: genetic (origin from importation and utilization of the Pietrain breed of swine)
Symptoms/Signs: the onset is sudden with muscle tremors, twitching of the face and rapid respiration, skin becomes red and blotched
Treatment: ineffective
Prevention: cull animals that carry the gene

Intro to Animal Science (2 decks)

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