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Avian, Exotics And Lab Animal > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

1
Q

All domestic and miniature swine are?

A

Sus scrofa

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2
Q

How many chromosomes does Sus scrofa have?

A

38

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3
Q

What is the lifespan of a swine?

A

15-25 years

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4
Q

For meat production pigs what is the usual lifespan?

A
  • 6 months
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5
Q

Breeding stocks breed for how many years?

A

5 years

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6
Q

What is the order and family for swine?

A

Artiodactyla suidae

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7
Q

What is the gestation for a swine?

A

110-116 days

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8
Q

What is the estrous cycle of an adult swine?

A

18-24 days

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9
Q

What is the resting pulse for a pig?

A

60-90 for adults and 100-120 for immature

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10
Q

What is the breathing rate for a pig?

A

10-20 for adults and 24-36 for immature

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11
Q

What is the resting temperature?

A

100.4-102.2 for adults and102.2-104 for immature

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12
Q

True or False: Weight ranges tend vary depending on the breed and the stage of growth or development.

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: Piglets tend to not be pretty mobile shortly after birth

A

False: they are mobile

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14
Q

Newborns nurse hourly within the first few days of life and if needed piglets can be trained to

A

drink milk from a bowl within 48hrs

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15
Q

Piglets as we all know, are susceptible to the development of

A

microcytic and hypochromic anemia

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16
Q

Since piglets can develop anemia, what type of injection can they recieve?

A

IM injections of iron within the first 48h of birth
100-200mg Fe dextran

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17
Q

True or False: piglets dont require external heat

A

False

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18
Q

Since piglets don’t have brown fat they cant do what?

A

they don’t metabolize glycogen and lipid stores for thermal control

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19
Q

Another important thing to remember about young domestic swine is that the epiphyses of the long bones are not closed until

A

3.5 years of age

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20
Q

If a swine doesnt have access to water what can they develop?

A

Salt toxicosis

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21
Q

How many feedings can pigs thrive off of

A

1-2 feedings per day

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22
Q

Pigs are true; carnivores, herbivories or omnivores

A

they are true omnivores

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23
Q

To prevent salt toxicosis what should be provided to prevent water deprivation

A

Salt licks

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24
Q

What are two contents are important because the deficiencies can lead to cardiac and hepatic pathology?

A

Vitamin E and Selenium

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25
Q

What is often needed for research purposes?

A

pre-surgical fasting

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26
Q

How long will it take to empty the stomach and small intestine in swine?

A

8-12hrs

27
Q

How long will it take to empty the colon?

A

48-72 hours

28
Q

During times of fasting, nutrition can be maintained by using

A

flavored oral electrolyte and glucose solutions.

29
Q

Excessive salt intake can lead to

A

salt poisoning, salt toxicity, hypernatremia or water deprivation - sodium ion intoxication

30
Q

Salt poisoning is unlikely to occur as long as

A

sodium-regulating mechanisms are intact and fresh drinking water is available.

31
Q

In general, animals can tolerate high concentrations of salt or sodium in the diet

A

if they have continuous access to fresh water.

32
Q

Salt poisioning is direct related to

A

water consumption

33
Q

Although salt poisoning has historically been more common in

A

swine

34
Q

The acute oral lethal dose of salt in swine, horses, and cattle is

A

2.2g/kg

35
Q

after 1-5 days of limited water intake what will occur?

A

intermittent seizures occur with the pig sitting on its haunches, jerking its head backward and upward, and finally falling on its side in clonic-tonic seizures and opisthotonos.

36
Q

What will occur in terminally ill pigs that have a lack of water?

A

may lie on their sides, paddling in a coma, and die within a few to 48 hr.

37
Q

Individual shipments of swine are:
Mixing animals from multiple vendors is:

A

preferred
poor practice

38
Q

Swine should be purchased from vendor herds that are

A

validated brucellosis-free and
qualified pseudorabies-negative by the USDA

39
Q

Breeding herd animals vaccinated against

A

erysipelas, leptospirosis, porcine parvovirus, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, and Escherichia coli.

40
Q

Purebred registered herds

A

Have a known lineage, genetic uniformity, often closed colony, and generally have better management.

41
Q

Commercial production swine

A

Readily available, cheap, better viability.

42
Q

SPF herds

A

Some for experimental purposes, some for commercial production.

43
Q

SPF miniature swine herds

A

Purpose-bred for research, advantage is small body size of adults (30-50 kg), disadvantage is cost

44
Q

True or False:
Similar physiology to humans
Similar digestive tract and cardiovascular system to humans
Close to the human in size, especially mini pigs

A

True

45
Q

What are the similar disease progression for humans and pigs?

A

Metabolic (e.g., obesity and heart disease)
Infectious diseases- numerous organisms can cause infections across species

46
Q

How do you prevent or treat Vitamin E and Selenium Deficiency?

A

Injection of Vitamin E and/or selenium
- prevention is possible through supplementation of feed or drinking water

47
Q

Feeds high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, copper, vitamin A or mycotoxins

A

can either destroy vitamin E or make it less bioavailable.
-Grains from soils deficient in selenium, or selenium antagonists in mixed feeds.

48
Q

What is foot rot (bush foot)?

A

Infection of the claw which becomes swollen and extremely painful around the coronary band

49
Q

What is the cause of infection for foot rot? Does this occur in all feets or just one?

A

. Fusiformis bacteria. Only occurs in one, most seen in the hind feet *outer dewclaws

50
Q

Progression of infection leads to

A

enlarged hoof and inflammation of the joint (arthritis)

51
Q

True or False: The condition is important because of the effect on reproductive performance of the breeding females

A

true

52
Q

Foot Rot TX
Oral Therapy
Injection of Antibiotics

A

Zinc sulfate & Copper sulfate
Zinc sulfate at the rate of 1/2 (0.5) gram per day for 21 days
Penicillin and streptomycin combo

53
Q

What is PSS?

A

Mutation in the calcium-release channel protein (ryanodine receptor [RYR]).

54
Q

PSS has a mutation seen in what breeds?

A

Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Pietrain, and Poland China and other breeds, including miniature potbellied pigs.

55
Q

What is the mode of inheritance for PSS?

A

is autosomal recessive with variable penetrance.

56
Q

PPS clinical signs are associated with

A

exposure to halothane and succinylcholine

57
Q

PSS progression leads to:
Tx and Prevention
Screening:

A

dyspnea, blanched and reddened areas on the skin, increased body temperature, and cyanosis.
Dantrolene
DNA-based test

58
Q

Research Uses:

A

1.Cardio - atherosclerosis,myocardical infraction, CHD, CPR, grafts,stents and interventional devices
2.Gastro - obesity, hepatic metabolism,probiotics and gut physiology
3.Renal - Renal hypertension ,Transplantation and preservation, Kidney and ureter
4.Reproductive - Maternal-fetal interactions, Fetal surgery and microsurgical techniques, and OB/GYN surgical procedures
5.Diabetes research - Segmental pancreatic transplants, Pancreatectomy Models
6. Surgical: Increasingly, swine have been used in research and teaching studies involving surgical models.

Musculoskeletal system:
Bone grafts and implants
Temporomandibular joint studies

Integument system:
Plastic surgery
Wound healing and skin flaps, grafts (i.e., burns)

Cell and Organ transplantation
Heart, Lung, Liver, Kidney
Xenotransplantation
Stroke
AIDS dimentia
Melanoma
Osteoporosis
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

59
Q

Sinclair S-1 (hormel) Maglignant Melanoma

A

derived from the Hormel random bred mini pig and has a 85% incidence at 1 year of age

60
Q

For Sinclair S-1 (hormel) Maglignant Melanoma, the tumor can be single or on multiple areas of the skin:

A

Metastasize to internal organs.
Malignant spontaneous regressing melanoma

61
Q

Spontaneous regression of Sinclar S-1 has what type of effects

A

cytotoxic effects of infiltrated tumor-specific T lymphocytes is most common

62
Q

There are several major concerns regarding the use of swine for xenotransplantation particularly zoonotic risks and ethical issues, what are they?

A

Acquired zoonoses

Normal flora and environmental contaminants

Viral latency, endogenous retroviruses

63
Q

What is tolerogenic? how does is follow?

A

the transplant hierachy of tolerance
liver>kidney>heart>lung>skin

64
Q

What is the research use for interventional radiology?

A

PDA (Patent ductus arteriosus)
ASD (Atrial septal defect)
Occlusion
Angioplasty
Coronary artery catheterization
Catheter oblation techniques
Stent placement

Avian, Exotics And Lab Animal (4 decks)

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