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Gen Path Final > Sweep 1.6 > Flashcards

Sweep 1.6 Flashcards

1
Q

• Macule:

A

flat, circumscribed area <5 mm

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2
Q

• Patch:

A

flat, circumscribed area >5mm

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3
Q

• Papule:

A

elevated lesion <5 mm

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4
Q

• Plaque:

A

elevated lesion > 5 mm

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5
Q

• Pustule:

A

discrete pus-filled lesion

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6
Q

• Vesicle:

A

fluid-filled lesion <5 mm

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7
Q

• Bulla:

A

fluid-filled lesion >5 mm

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8
Q

Acute Urticaria

A

PATHOGENESIS
• Mast cell degranulation increased dermal vascular permeability dermal edema
• Immediate Type I (IgE) hypersensitivity rxn • Inciting factor: medications (opiates, abx)
TREATMENT
• Antihistamines

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9
Q

Erythema Multiforme

CLINICAL FEATURES

A
  • “targetoid” lesions
  • Multiple features with macules, papules, vesicles with central pallor
  • Can lead to epidermal desquamation if progresses
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10
Q

Chronic Inflammatory Dermatosis: PSORIASIS

A

Psoriasis CLINICAL FEATURES
• erythematous salmon-pink colored plaques with silvery scale
– extensor elbows, knees, scalp, gluteal cleft
– nail thickening and dystrophy
• Koebner: induce lesion by local trauma
• Auspitz sign: punctate bleeding when overlying scale is removed

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11
Q

Psoriasis

– ———- scale

A

Parakeratotic

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12
Q

Lichen Planus

A
  • Pruritic
  • Purple
  • Polygonal
  • Planar papules and plaques
  • Covered in Oral Pathology
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13
Q

Impetigo

A

– Staph Aureus, can be Strep pyogenes
– Contagious, more commonly in kids, spread through direct contact
– Starts as small macule often perioral/perinasal
– Enlarges with honey-colored crust (dried serum)
– Treat with antibiotics with good Staph coverage

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14
Q

Acantholysis: lysis of

A

intercellular junctions between squamous cells
• Subcorneal (superficial epidermis at stratum granulosum): pemphigus foliaceus
• Suprabasal (above basal cell): pemphigus vulgaris

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15
Q

Nonacantholysis

A

• Subepidermal (below DEJ): bullous pemphigoid with intact intercellular junctions

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16
Q

Pemphigus • Type —- hypersensitivity reaction

• IgG autoantibodies bind to ———

A

II

desmoglein type I and type 3 intercellular desmosomal proteins

17
Q

Pemphigus

– Disrupted intercellular adhesion causes ———-

A

blistering

18
Q

Pemphigus

• DIF: intercellular IgG deposition along ---------
cell membranes (fish-net)
A

keratinocyte

19
Q

– Pemphigus vulgaris: —– deposits throughout epidermis –

A

IgG

20
Q

Pemphigus foliaceus: IgG deposits in ——- layers of

epidermis

A

superficial

21
Q

Actinic Keratosis/Cheilitis

  • Red, rough patches on ———- (mainly head/neck, lips, dorsal hands)
  • More common in ———–•
A

chronically sun exposed skin

fair-skinned and blond/red heads

22
Q

Actinic Keratosis/Cheilitis

Histo: cytologic atypia with ——– of basal cells with overall epidermal ———

A

hyperplasia

thinning

23
Q

Actinic Keratosis/Cheilitis

• Can rarely evolve into ———–, particularly with ——- mutation from UV DNA damage

A

squamous cell carcinoma

TP53

24
Q

Actinic Keratosis/Cheilitis

• Treatment: ——- (liquid nitrogen), ————

A

cryotherapy

topical chemotherapy agents

25
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

forms in

A

basal layer

26
Q

SCC mutations

A

TP53 mutation

• HRAS and Notch receptor mutations

27
Q

SCC metastasis

A
  • Mucosal>cutaneous
  • Thickness of lesion and depth of invasion into dermis
  • Size >2 cm
  • Ulceration
  • High risk locations such as head/neck, particularly lips, ears, around eyes
28
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma • Most common type of skin cancer

A

• Pearly pink, translucent papules with telangiectasias; can become nodular and ulcerate
• Superficial: multifocal growth in epidermis
• Nodular: downward invasion to dermis
– Can be locally aggressive but rarely metastasizes

29
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma
Histopathology
• Arise in ——– of epidermis
• Palisading nests of ——— cells with ——– nuclei surrounded by ———

A

basal layer

basaloid

hyperchromatic

fibrotic stroma

30
Q

Genetic disorder: Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome (Gorlin Syndrome) with

A

PTCH gene mutation in Hedgehog tumor suppressor pathway

31
Q

Melanocytic Nevi (Moles)
• benign neoplasm of melanocytes
• Congenital or acquired
• —– mutation as common factor in nevi
• Cellular senescence: migration of nevi from ——–– Superficial nevi: produce melanin, grow in nests
– Deeper nevi: minimal to no pigment, grow in ——– or single cells

A

BRAF

DEJ into dermis

cords

Gen Path Final (18 decks)

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