Swe BIO02 - Digestive System Flashcards
Ingestion
The voluntary act of (chewing and) swallowing food
Propulsion
The automatic movement of food
-perastalsis or segmentation
Perastalsis
Circular muscles contracting and relaxing to move the food forward
- esophagus
- small intestine
- large intestine
Segmentation
Muscle walls move back and forth
- small intestine
- stomach
Mechanical digestion
Chewing
Segmentation
Chemical digestion
Acids
Enzymes
Absorption
Digested nutrients entering the blood or lymph through passive or active transport.
Goes through the mucosa
Defecation
Feces exiting through the anus
Stomach mucosa
Inner lining of the stomach.
Coated in bicarbonate (basic) to counteract the acidic stomach fluid
pH of the stomach acid
2
Gastric juice
Produced by the gastric gland
Synonymous with stomach acid
Stomach
Gastric gland
Produces gastric juice
Found in gastric pits - all over the mucosa
Stomach
Intrinsic factor
Digests vitamin B12
Stomach
Chief cells
Produces pepsinogen
Stomach
Pepsinogen
Gats activated in an acidic environment
Precursor to pepsin
Stomach
Pepsin
Breaks down, and kills, protein
Stomach
Parietal cells
Produces hydrochloric acid
Stomach
Hydrochloric acid
Activates enzymes
Stomach
Enteroendocrine cells
Produces gastrin and other essential hormones for digestion
Stomach
Chyme
The digested good that exits the stomach
Amylase
Digests starch
Produced in saliva glands, Activ throughout the whole GI track
Pancreas
Produces enzymes, hormones and basic components to neutralize the gastric juice
Small intestine cross section
In to out
Lumen
Submucosa
Internal muscle
External muscle
Serosa
Lumen
Open space in the body
Tubes
Start of small intestine
Duodenum
Liver
Creates bile
Gallbladder
Stores bile
Submucosa
Houses blood and lymph vessels
Mucosa
Folds, villi, microvilli
Crypts
Villi
Cells
Microvilli
Cellwalls
Sugar absorption
Active transport transport gate
Diffusion into blood because of gradient
