SWCK 2711 Test Review Flashcards
A non-binary person whose biological sex is not readily apparent, whether intentionally or unintentionally. The individuals may reflect an appearance that is both masculine and feminine, or who appears to be neither or both; also can be a person who rejects gender roles entirely
Androgynous
The perpetrator or perpetuator of oppression and/or discrimination; usually a member of the dominant, non-target identity group
Agent
Experiencing a lack of romantic attraction towards other people and have varying preferences on relationships. Some enjoy participating in romantic relationships, some prefer queer-platonic partnerships, and some prefer not to be in a relationship
Aromantic
Process by which one group takes on cultural and other traits of a larger group; usually refers to the forced acculturation of a marginalized group by the dominant group
Assimilation
Person who possesses and expresses a distinctly masculine persona and a distinctly feminine persona. This person is comfortable in and enjoys presenting in both gender roles
Bigender/duel gender
The division of society into only men and women, which ignores the existence of nonbinary and intersex people
Binary
Differs from safe space where everyone feels comfortable. Incorporates:
- controversy with civility
- owning intentions and impacts
- challenge by choice (option to step in and out of challenging conversations)
- respect
- no attacks (not to intentionally inflict harm on one another)
Brave Space
The natural cognitive process of grouping and labelling people, things, etc, based on their similarities. Becomes problematic when the groupings become oversimplifies and rigid (e.g., stereotypes)
Categorization
Prejudiced thoughts and discriminatory actions based on difference in socio-economic status and income. Most particularly refers to the hierarchical striation of people by economic status or station.
Classism
A collection on different people or groups, working toward a common goal
Coalition
The capture and expression of a complex concept in a simple symbol, sign or prop; for example, symbolizing ‘community’ (equity, connection, unity) with a circle
Codification
Willing participation in the discrimination against and/or oppression of one’s own group (e.g, a woman who enforces dominant body ideals through comments and actions)
Collusion
The dispersion of a group of people who live outside their homeland due to a historical event that caused them to flee or which forcibly removed them from their homeland into new regions (i.e., africans as a result of the trans-atlantic slave trade)
Diaspora
The invalidation of an identity, which includes exclusion and lack of representation (a form of silencing)
Erasure
A social group that shares a common and distinctive culture, religion, language, or the like
Ethnicity
Refers to distributing or dividing resources proportionally based on the needs of the recipients to achieve a fair outcome for those involved. Can be synonymously equated to ‘more for those who need it’ to reach a level playing field
Equity
Refers to the notion that every individual has an equal opportunity or giving everyone the exact same resources.
Equality
A common cognitive action in which one attributes their own success and positive actions to their own innate characteristics (i’m a good person) and failure to external influences (I lost it in the sun), while attributing other’s success to external influences (he had help, he was lucky) and failure to others’ innate characteristics (they’re bad people).
This operates on the group level as well, with the in-group giving itself favourable attributions, while giving the out-group unfavourable attributions, as a way of maintaining a feeling of superiority (a double standard)
Fundamental attribution error
Experiencing attraction to members of the same or similar gender. Occasionally used as an umbrella term for anyone who is not straight
Gay
A description of one’s internal state of being, which is not limited to the traditional gender binary.
A spectrum that includes a huge variety of different identities
Gender
Sever distress or discomfort experienced by a trans person due to the difference between their gender and the sex they were assigned at birth
Gender dysphoria
Having a denotative or connotative association with being either (traditionally) masculine or feminine
Gendered
Having a gender that is not static and can vary over time
Gender fluid
Expressing oneself in ways outside the society’s binary gender roles
Gender non-conforming
Having a gender that is outside the gender binary
Genderqueer
Term originates from the Hawaiian Pidgin word for ‘part’ or ‘mixed’ and refers to any person of mixed ethnic heritage, regardless of the specific mixture.
Hapa
The presumption that everyone is, and should be, heterosexual.
Heterosexism
The tendency for groups to ‘favor’ themselves by rewarding group members economically, socially, psychologically, and emotionally in order to uplift one group over another. Also known as favouritism.
In-group bias
Tribal people who identify as those who were the first people to live on the Western Hemisphere continent.
First Nations People
Ethnic groups who are the original inhabitants of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized there more recently.
Indigenous peoples
Refers specifically to the ways in which institutional policies and practices create different outcomes for different racial groups, benefitting the dominant group and disadvantaging non-dominant groups
Institutional racism
Tension and conflict which exists between social groups and which may be enacted by individual members of these groups
Intergroup conflict
A process by which people come to accept and internalize the inaccurate myths and stereotypes they have been exposed to.
Internalized oppression
An approach arguing that classifications such as gender, race, class, and others cannot be examined in isolation from one another; they interact and intersect in individual’s lives, in society, in social systems, and are mutually constitutive.
Intersectionality
A person who is biologically intermediate between male and female. A person with both ovarian and testicular tissue. A person with two ovaries or two testes, but ambiguous genitals
Intersex
A social phenomenon and psychological state where prejudice is accompanied by the power to systemically enact an institutionalized form of discrimination
-ism
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex, asexual, aromantic, and other identities that are non-heteronormative and non-cisnormative
LGBTQIA+
Excluded, ignored, or relegated to the outer edge of a group/society/community
Marginalized
Hatred of or prejudice against women
Misogyny
A demographic group (whether based on ethnicity, race, or religion) whose members are perceived to achieve a higher degree of socioeconomic success than the population average. This success is typically measured relatively by income, education, low criminality, and high family/marital stability.
A controversial concept that has historically been used to suggest that there is no need to adjust for socioeconomic disparities between certain groups, to pit non-dominant groups against one another, and to diminish the achievements of relevant groups.
Model Minority
Co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and manifested in customary behaviours, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking, and communication styles
Multiculturalism
The quality of having multiple, simultaneous social identities (i.e., being male, buddhist, and working class)
Multiplicity
An individual whose heritage encompasses more than two races
Multiracial
An individual that comes from more than one ethnicity and/or an individual whose parents are born from more than one ethnicity
Multiethnic
When a thought that traditionally has not been discussed due to its counter-culture nature is articulated
Naming
The political state from which an individual hails, may or may not be the same as that person’s current location or citizenship
National origin
Having a gender outside of the gender binary. Often shortened to nb or enby.
Nonbinary
Experiencing attraction regardless of gender or to all genders. Often referred to as omnisexual
Pansexual
Our identities as individuals, including our personal characteristics, history, personality, name, and other characteristics that make us unique and different from other individuals
Personal identity
A pre-judgment or unjustifiable, and usually negative, attitude of one type of individual or groups toward another group and its members. Such negative attitudes are typically based on unsupported generalizations (or stereotypes) that deny the right of individual members of certain groups to be recognized and treated as individuals with individual characteristics
Prejudice
An umbrella term that refers to being part of the LGBTQIA+ community. This word has historically been used as a slur and should not be used except through personal reclamation
Queer
A term referring to being uncertain of one’s sexual orientation or identity
Questioning
The condition that would be achieved if one’s racial identity no longer predicted, in a statistical sense, how one fares. It is one part of racial justice, and thus we also include work to address root causes of inequities not just their manifestation. This includes elimination of policies, practices, attitudes and cultural messages that reinforce different outcomes by race.
Racial equity
The proactive reinforcement of policies, practices, attitudes and actions that produce equitable power, access, opportunities, treatment, impacts and outcomes for all
Racial justice
A cognitive process for protecting stereotypes by explaining any evidence/example to the contrary as an isolated exception. Also known as exception-making.
Re-fencing
Refers to an environment in which everyone feels comfortable in expressing themselves and participating fully, without fear of attack, ridicule or denial of experience.
Safe space
The quality of a group identity of which an individual is more conscious and which plays a larger role in that individual’s day-to-day life. (ex: a man’s awareness of his ‘maleness’ in an elevator with only women)
Saliency
The conscious or unconscious processes by which the voice or participation of particular social identities is excluded or inhibited
Silencing
The ways in which an individual characterizes oneself, the affinities one has with other people, the ways one has learned to behave in stereotyped social settings, the things one values in oneself and in the world, and the norms that one recognizes or accepts governing everyday behaviour
Social identity
Can be defined as both a process and a goal. The goal is full and equal participation of all groups in a society that is mutually shaped to meet their needs. Includes a vision of society that is equitable and all members are physically and psychologically safe and secure
Social justice
The practice of inequitability calling attention to particular social groups in language, while leaving others as the invisible, de facto norm. (ex: ‘black male suspect’ vs ‘male suspect’ presumed white or ‘WNBA” as opposed to ‘NBA’, presumed male)
Spotlighting
The normalization and legitimization of an array of dynamics- historical, cultural, institutional and interpersonal- that routinely advantage whites while producing cumulative and chronic adverse outcomes fro people of color. All other forms of racism emerge from this kind of racism.
Structural racism
Conscious and unconscious, non-random, and organized harassment, discrimination, exploitation, prejudice and other forms of unequal treatment that impact different groups
System of oppression
Acronym for trans-exclusionary radical feminist.
Coined in 2008, the term initially applied to a smaller subset of feminists espousing sentiments that other feminists consider transphobic, such as the rejection of the assertion that trans-women are women, or the exclusion of trans-women from women’s spaces, and the opposition to transgender rights legislation.
The term now refers more broadly to people with trans-exclusive views who may have involvement with radical feminism
TERF
An outdated term that alludes to the idea of acceptance and open mindedness to different practices, attitudes, and cultures, but that does not mean agreement with the differences. Ex: an individual might say “I don’t mind if you’re Gay as long as I don’t have to see it”
Tolerance
Identifying as a gender other than the gender assigned at birth. This may be a binary or nonbinary gender
Transgender
One who identifies as a gender other than that of their biological sex.
Transsexual
A modern, pan-Indian, umbrella term used by some indigenous North Americans to describe certain people in their communities who fulfill a traditional third-gender (or other gender-variant) ceremonial role in their cultures
Two spirit
Social stereotypes about certain groups of people that individuals form outside their own conscious awareness. Everyone holds beliefs about various social and identity groups, and these biases stem from one’s tendency to organize by categorizing
Unconscious bias
Refers to the unquestioned and unearned set of advantages, entitlements, benefits and choices bestowed on people solely because they are white. Generally, white people who experience this do so without being conscious of it
White privilege
A historically based, institutionally perpetuated system of exploitation and oppression of continents, nations and peoples of color by white people and nations of the european continent, for the purpose of maintaining and defending a system of wealth, power, and privilege.
White supremacy
The perspective through which individuals view the world; comprised of their history, culture, family history, and other influences
Worldview
An approach to social justice that attempts to consider people’s capacity to use the resources to which they have access.
Focuses on equity.
Capabilities approach
1.Pervasiveness
2.Restricting
3. Hierarchical
4. Complex, multiple, cross-cutting relationships
5. Internalized
6. Comprised of ‘-isms’
Defining features of oppression (according to Bell)
The notion that all discrimination produces two effects: benefits and burdens.
We either get oppressed or gain from the oppression of others.
Bi-directionality
- Social Concern and consciousness
- Socially disadvantaged groups as the priority
- Social context
- Social construct
- Social change
- Social equality
6s Framework
Process whereby the discussion/existence of oppressed groups (i.e., trans people) are often not made visible in systems of information such as research, curriculum, needs assessments, etc.
Informational erasure
Process whereby programs are not created to serve people who do not exist (i.e., oppressed groups) therefore programs and resources are not being developed or offered that are specific to those who have been ‘erased’
Institutional erasure
Examines the person in their environment, including the micro, mezzo, and macro levels
Systems perspective
Involves rogue behaviour and challenging the institutions you work for and the risks associated with this
Anarchist lens
Manifest in subtle communication that conveys insensitive and demeaning ideas about visible minorities and Indigenous peoples
Microinsults
Negate and minimize visible minorities and Indigenous people’s thoughts, feelings, and lived experiences
Microinvalidations
Overt manifestations of racial microaggressions that are intended to harm visible minorities and Indigenous peoples
Microassaults
Refers to macrolevel expressions or discrimination/oppression that are systemic in nature (ex: institutional policy)
Environmental microaggressions
- The ‘backlashers’
- The ‘guilty’
- The ‘listeners’ or ‘allies’
Common reactions when unlearning racism
The predominance of clinical intervention
Therapeutization
Refers to the inclusion of the participants within the research process in such a way that they benefit from it and it expresses their opinions and experiences.
Fails to recognize the diversity of people in general.
Emancipatory research
