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SWCE Flashcards

1
Q

What is the probability of occurrence of a 500-year hydrologic event?
A. 5% C. 0.02%
B. 0.002% D. 0.2%

A

D. 0.2%

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2
Q

Determine the discharge on a free discharging circular orifice (4” diameter)
installed at the end of a rectangular channel that is 40 cm wide. The total height
of water flowing in the channel is 50 cm. The orifice centerline is 30 cm from the
channel bottom. Discharge coefficient is 0.65.
A. 257.47 L/s C. 12.78 L/s
B. 10.44 L/s D. 16.50 L/s

A

B. 10.44 L/s

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3
Q

: A 4” diameter well abstracts water from a confined aquifer. The steady
state drawdown at distances of 10m and 60m are respectively 2.4 m and 0.5 m.
The thickness of the aquifer and hydraulic conductivity are given as 15m and
10m/day respectively.
35. The aquifer transmissibility is __________________.
A. 600 m2/day C. 1.2 m2/day
B. 150 m2/day D. 54 m2/day

A

B. 150 m2/day

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4
Q

: In a stream with a cross-sectional area of 15.2 m2, the trial runs for a
buoyant object to travel a water surface distance of 80 m were 52, 54, 53, 55 and
58 seconds each.
37. The average surface velocity is _________.
A. 0.98 m/s C. 0.68 m/s
B. 1.47 m/s D. 0.88 m/s

A

B. 1.47 m/s

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5
Q

: In a stream with a cross-sectional area of 15.2 m2, the trial runs for a
buoyant object to travel a water surface distance of 80 m were 52, 54, 53, 55 and
58 seconds each.
38. The apparent flow rate in the given stream is _______.
A. 10.34 m3/s C. 18.99 m3/s
B. 22.34 m3/s D. 11.41 m3/

A

C. 18.99 m3/s

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6
Q

Given the following direct runoff (m3/s) from a hydrograph taken at 1-
hour interval in the mainstream of a 50 km2 watershed: 0.0, 13.8, 44.8, 77.8, 37.8,
12.8, 4.5, 1.8, 1.3, 0.9, 0.6, 0.2, determine the equivalent depth of direct runoff
A. 14.0 mm
B. 16.0 mm
C. 3.93 mm
D. 12.0 mm

A

A. 14.0 mm

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7
Q

What is the equivalent depth of the direct runoff that fell on a 576-hectare
watershed if the sum of the direct runoff values measured in the reference stream
every two hours is 200m3/s?
A. 25 mm C. 250 mmB. 50 mm D. 500 mm

A

C. 250 mm

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8
Q

A small water impoundment is designed for a 25-year flood with a peak
flow of 5 m3/s. Determine the probability of exceedance in a period of 10 years.
A. 4%
B. 10%
C. 33%
D. 93%

A

C. 33%

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9
Q

The role of hydrologist for water control is related
A. water withdrawal
B. instream uses
C. point and non-point sources
D. flood and drought mitigation

A

D. flood and drought mitigation

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10
Q

A color code of red means that the rain to be expected in the next hour is ____________. A. below 7.5 mm
B. 7.5 – 15 mm
C. 15 – 30 mm
D. above 30 mm

A

D. above 30 mm

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11
Q

This is a type of precipitation caused by hills or mountain ranges deflecting
the moisture-laden air masses upward, causing them to cool and precipitate their
moisture.
A. Convective Precipitation
B. Frontal Precipitation
C. Orographic Precipitation
D. Cyclonic Precipitation

A

C. Orographic Precipitation

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12
Q

The type of precipitation associated with the highest amount of rainfall
contribution in the Philippines.
A. Convective Precipitation
B. Frontal Precipitation
C. Orographic Precipitation
D. Cyclonic Precipitation

A

D. Cyclonic Precipitation

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13
Q

This affects mainly the climate distribution of the Luzon Island.
A. Frontal Precipitation
B. Orographic Precipitation
C. Convective Precipitation
D. Cyclonic Precipitation

A

B. Orographic Precipitation

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14
Q

Which among the following has the longest wavelength?
A. infrared
B. untraviolet
C. gamma
D. visible light

A

A. infrared

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15
Q

The WMO recommends a minimum network density for mountainous
tropical zones of
A. 1 gauge for 100 to 250 km2
B. 1 gauge for 600 to 900 km2
C. 1 gauge for 900 to 3000 km2
D. 1 gauge for 1500 to 10,000 km2

A

A. 1 gauge for 100 to 250 km2

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16
Q

Which among the following is false?
A. New Thiessen polygons must be constructed when a new station is
installed.
B. Cyclones in the northern hemisphere moves in the counterclockwise
direction.
C. Greater evaporation occurs on areas with high albedo.
D. The intensity of a storm is an inverse function of its duration

A

C. Greater evaporation occurs on areas with high albedo.

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17
Q

Equal values of dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature would
yield a relative humidity of
A. a positive value
B. a negative value
C. 0 %
D. 100 %

A

D. 100 %

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17
Q

The decrease in temperature with respect to an increasing altitude can be
manifested on what layers?
A. troposphere and mesosphere
B. tropopause and stratopause
C. mesosphere and chromosphere
D. stratosphere and ozone layer

A

A. troposphere and mesosphere

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17
Q

Winter solstice in the southern hemisphere occurs some time inA. March
B. June
C. September
D. December

A

B. June

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18
Q

Perihelion in the northern hemisphere occurs some time in
A. January
B. March
C. July
D. December

A

A. January

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19
Q

Which of the following is not a precursor in cyclogenesis or the formation
of a cyclone?
A. pre-existing atmospheric disturbance
B. strong vertical wind shear
C. a close location relative to the equator
D. a low relative humidity in the troposphere

A

B. strong vertical wind shear

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20
Q

The globalized atmospheric circulation is brought about by the following
factors except the
A. inclination of the earth
B. Coriolis effect
C. uneven solar heating at different latitudes
D. location of the earth relative to the sun

A

D. location of the earth relative to the sun

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20
Q

The instrument that can measure the amount of solar radiation using a
copper strip
A. Campbell-Stokes Sunshine recorder
B. pyranograph
C. bi-metallic actinograph
D. Gunn-Bellani pyranometer

A

C. bi-metallic actinograph

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21
Q

The instrument used to measure the water level in the evaporation pan.
A. hook gauge
B. dumb-bell index
C. stilling well
D. anemometer

A

A. hook gauge

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22
Q
  1. How do you classify a cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 100 kph?A. typhoon
    B. super typhoon
    C. severe tropical storm
    D. tropical storm
A

C. severe tropical storm

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23
Q

About how many percent of the incoming solar radiation is absorbed by
the earth’s atmosphere?
A. 6
B. 16
C. 20
D. 50

A

C. 20

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24
Q

Which of the following has the lowest albedo?
A. Forest
B. Farms
C. Desert
D. Grassland

A

A. Forest

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25
Q

What Philippine climate type should be classified for an area that receives
abundant rainfall almost the entire year but is very pronounced from November
to April?
A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4

A

B. Type 2

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26
Q

The type of Philippine climate where rain periods are maximum during the
months of June to September and the places exposed to this climate are affected
by the Southwest Monsoon.
A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4

A

A. Type 1

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27
Q

What tropical cyclone warning signal (TCWS) should be raised if winds of
about 200 kph is expected within 12 hours?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

A

D. 5

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28
Q

The statistical rule underlying in the assumptions of the normal
distribution method.
A. chi-square rule
B. three-sigma rule
C. Chebyshev’s rule
D. probability rule

A

B. three-sigma rule

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29
Q

Using the float method in determining the velocity of water through a
channel, the float velocity in relation to the average velocity is
A. greater
B. lesser
C. equal
D. neither greater nor lesser

A

A. greater

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30
Q

A typical orifice has a discharge coefficient of
A. 0.25
B. 0.60
C. 1.42
D. 1.84

A

B. 0.60

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31
Q

That part of runoff which travels over the ground surface and through the
channels to reach the basin outlet.
A. interflow
B. saturation flow
C. overland flow
D. direct runoff

A

D. direct runoff

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32
Q

The relationship established between stage and flow in a river.
A. rating curve
B. discharge sectioning
C. shallow and deep channels
D. control section

A

A. rating curve

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33
Q

This is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean.
A. skewness coefficient
B. standard error
C. variance
D. coefficient of variation

A

D. coefficient of variation

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34
Q

A hydrologic process which is governed by chance and is time-dependent.
A. rainfall
B. stochastic
C. probabilistic
D. deterministic

A

B. stochastic

35
Q

The distribution applicable to logarithmically transformed data which does
not exhibit skewness anymore.
A. Normal Distribution
B. Log-Normal Distribution
C. Log-Pearson Type III Distribution
D. Kappa Distribution

A

B. Log-Normal Distribution

36
Q

A barrier placed on a stream to constrict the flow of water and causes the
water to fall over a crest, usually used for discharge measurement.
A. orifice
B. weir
C. rating curve
D. current meter

A

B. weir

37
Q

The assumed state of flow in the derivation of the Chezy’s equation.
A. steady uniform flow
B. steady non-uniform flow
C. unsteady uniform flow
D. unsteady non-uniform flow

A

A. steady uniform flow

38
Q

Which of the following can increase the rate of infiltration?
A. low value of organic matter
B. minimal tillage
C. high temperature
D. barren soil

A

C. high temperature

39
Q

The main disadvantage of this method is the difficulty in obtaining initial
rate of infiltration.
A. Rainfall Simulation-Type Infiltrometer
B. Catchment-Hydrograph Method
C. Basin Method
D. Horton method

A

C. Basin Method

40
Q

Which of the following is not true for Lewis-Kostiakov?
A. Applicable for small time values with permeable layer
B. Applicable for soil underlain with impermeable layer.
C. Will usually fit for experimental period of less than six hours.
D. As time approaches infinity, the cumulative depth approaches zero

A

D. As time approaches infinity, the cumulative depth approaches zero

41
Q

Which is not part of the process of infiltration?
A. Passage of water into the soil surface
B. Recharge to water table
C. Filling up of the void spaces of the soil
D. Downward transmission of the water in the soil

A

B. Recharge to water table

42
Q

Which of the following terms does not mean the same thing as the others?A. water table
B. vadose zone
C. unsaturated zone
D. zone of aeration

A

A. water table

43
Q

The Philip equation of infiltration is based on
A. regression analysis
B. Darcy’s law
C. the exhaustion process
D. the equation of diffusivity

A

D. the equation of diffusivity

44
Q

The normal discharge in the river
A. Recession Limb
B. Trough Flow
C. Groundwater Flow
D. Peak Flow

A

C. Groundwater Flow

45
Q

This type of hydrograph is commonly used to simplify routing procedures.
A. Rating Curve
B. Unit hydrograph
C. Basic hydrograph
D. Triangular Hydrograph

A

D. Triangular Hydrograph

46
Q

An aquifer which is underlain by a confining layer, has the potential for
both vertical and horizontal flow, has the zero-gauge pressure line within the
aquifer, and is comprised of both a saturated zone and a vadose zone will be
defined as
A. a confined aquifer
B. an unconfined aquifer
C. a homogeneous, isotropic aquifer
D. a Darcian aquifer system

A

B. an unconfined aquifer

47
Q

It is a geologic formation which transmits water at a rate insufficient to be
economically developed for pumping.
A. Aquifer
B. Aquiclude
C. Aquifuge
D. Aquitard

A

D. Aquitard

48
Q

Which combination is attributed to having high values of pan coefficient?A. high wind speed on a fallow area
B. low humidity on a cropped area
C. high humidity on a fallow area
D. low humidity on a fallow area

A

C. high humidity on a fallow area

49
Q

Which part of the growth of plants has the largest crop coefficient value?A. Initial stage
B. Crop Development
C. Mid-Season
D. Late Season

A

C. Mid-Season

50
Q

What factor greatly contributes to the mass transfer effects in
evapotranspiration?
A. albedo change
B. change in leaf area index
C. height of crops
D. water as a limiting factor

A

C. height of crops

51
Q

Turbidity can be quantitatively measured in terms of NTU, which stands
for
A. No To drUgs
B. Nephretic Turbidity Uniformity
C. Nanometric Turbidity Unit
D. Nephelometric Turbidity Unit

A

D. Nephelometric Turbidity Unit

52
Q

Although clay soils have the highest total porosity, why is it not considered
for well development?
A. Clay soils have low water retention properties.
B. Clay soils do not permit good drawdown curves.
C. Clay soils have low safe yield.
D. Clay soils have low water yield.

A

D. Clay soils have low water yield.

53
Q

Which does not belong to the group?
A. Nitrate, Methemoglobinemia
B. Phospate, Eutrophication
C. Fluoride, Irrigation Problems
D. DO and pH, Fish Kill

A

C. Fluoride, Irrigation Problem

54
Q

What is a commonly used indicator of possible health problems found in
plants, soil, water and the intestines of humans and warm-blooded animals?
A. Coliform bacteria
B. Viruses
C. Intestinal parasites
D. Pathogenic organism

A

A. Coliform bacteria

55
Q

What are the two main causes of hardness in water?
A. Gold and silver
B. Phosphate and nitrate
C. Oxygen and methane
D. Calcium and magnesium

A

D. Calcium and magnesium

56
Q

It is the ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume of dry soil.
A. Void ratio
B. Bulk density
C. Porosity
D. Void density

A

A. Void ratio

57
Q

The proportionality constant to determine the flow velocity of water
through soils.
A. Hydraulic potential gradient
B. Uniformity coefficient
C. Coefficient of proportionality
D. Coefficient of permeability

A

D. Coefficient of permeability

58
Q

The establishment of the National Irrigation Administration was the
highlight of this episode.
A. Japanese Regime
B. Expansion Period
C. Commonwealth Regime
D. Early Independence Period

A

D. Early Independence Period

59
Q

It is the ratio of the dry mass of the soil particles to the mass of water
having the same volume as these particles
A. Apparent Specific Gravity
B. Real Specific Gravity
C. Bulk Density
D. Particle Density

A

B. Real Specific Gravity

60
Q

The moisture content of the soil when the gravitational water has been
removed.
A. Readily available moisture
B. Porosity
C. Field capacity
D. Permanent wilting point

A

C. Field capacity

61
Q

The Atterberg Soil Classification Chart describes sand as a soil particle
with a diameter of
A. 0.002 to 0.2 mm
B. 0.002 to 0.02 mm
C. 0.20 to 2 mm
D. 0.02 to 2 mm

A

D. 0.02 to 2 mm

62
Q

The water that exists in the pore spaces of the soil and is retained against
the force of gravity in a soil that permits unobstructed drainage
A. Hygroscopic Water
B. Capillary Water
C. Gravitational Water
D. Available Water

A

B. Capillary Water

63
Q

The equation to estimate evapotranspiration using only extra-terrestrial
radiation and air temperatures.
A. Penman
B. Hargreaves
C. Blaney-Criddle
D. Thornthwaite

A

B. Hargreaves

64
Q

In developing a cropping pattern, harvesting of rice is usually scheduled on
a period where
A. labor is not limited
B. irrigation water supply is abundant
C. rainfall is maximum in the season
D. solar radiation is at its seasonal peak

A

D. solar radiation is at its seasonal peak

65
Q

These factors affect the variation of crop coefficient with the time/stage of
crop growth, except for
A. limiting nutrients in the soil
B. changing height of crops
C. changing albedo
D. limiting presence of water

A

A. limiting nutrients in the soil

66
Q

This is considered as a beneficial outflow in a water balance equation.
A. net seepage
B. deep percolation
C. irrigation supply
D. evapotranspiration

A

D. evapotranspiration

67
Q

The ratio between water stored in the soil root zone during irrigation and
the water delivered to the farm expressed in percent
A. water storage efficiency
B. application efficiency
C. conveyance efficiency
D. water use efficiency

A

B. application efficiency

68
Q

The ratio of water stored in the root zone during the irrigation to the water
needed in the root zone prior to irrigation, expressed in percent
A. water use efficiency
B. application efficiency
C. water storage efficiency
D. conveyance efficiency

A

C. water storage efficiency

69
Q

The probability associated with dependable rainfall for a normal year
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 50%
D. 80%

A

C. 50%

70
Q

When the gravitational forces dominate over inertial forces in a fluid flow,
the flow is classified as
A. supercritical flow
B. laminar flow
C. turbulent flow
D. subcritical flow

A

D. subcritical flow

71
Q

When its cross-section is the same throughout its entire stretch, the
channel is called a
A. prismatic channel
B. rectangular channel
C. artificial channel
D. natural channel

A

A. prismatic channel

72
Q

For an infinitely wide channel, it is best to assume a hydraulic radius equal
to
A. hydraulic depth
B. depth of flow
C. half the depth of flow
D. half of the hydraulic depth

A

B. depth of flow

73
Q

A supercritical flow is a flow condition where
A. Fr>1, high stage
B. Fr>1, low stage
C. Fr<1, high stage
D. Fr<1, low stage

A

B. Fr>1, low stage

74
Q

Structure installed at the head of conveyance canals or main canals to
regulate the amount of water to be distributed
A. Main canal
B. Headgate
C. Diversion Dam
D. Irrigation Structures

A

B. Headgate

75
Q

The flow combination associated with a gradually expanding channel
under a constant discharge
A. unsteady uniform flow
B. unsteady non-uniform flow
C. steady uniform flow
D. steady non-uniform flow

A

D. steady non-uniform flow

76
Q

This is a concrete structure usually built along the bank of a river or stream
and which draws water to be channeled into an irrigation systemA. Diversion Dam
B. Check Gate
C. Secondary Gate
D. Intake Structure

A

D. Intake Structure

77
Q

A structure used to convey irrigation water across and above natural
depressions such as rivers or creeks
A. Elevated Flume
B. Inverted Siphon
C. Bench Flume
D. Parshall Flume

A

A. Elevated Flume

78
Q

Distribution control structures placed across an irrigation ditch to
temporarily block the flow and to raise the upstream water level
A. Culverts
B. Weirs
C. Turnouts
D. Checks

A

D. Checks

79
Q

These surface irrigation systems carry water down the land slope between
crop rows.
A. Border Irrigation
B. Bedding Irrigation
C. Basin Irrigation
D. Furrow Irrigation

A

D. Furrow Irrigation

80
Q

The subsurface drain system where laterals join the submain on both sides
alternately.
A. Herringbone System
B. Gridiron System
C. Parallel Drain System
D. Double Main System

A

A. Herringbone System

81
Q

The type of surface drainage system suitable in fields that do not require
complete drainage with equally spaced laterals
A. Gridiron
B. Herringbone
C. Natural System
D. Parallel Drain System

A

C. Natural System

82
Q

The following are the benefits of drainage, except
A. Improves the soil structure and increases soil productivity
B. Favors growth of soil bacteria
C. Shortens the crop-growing season
D. Seeps excess salts from the soil

A

C. Shortens the crop-growing season

83
Q

This is the accumulation of excess water in the root zone of the soil
A. Salinization
B. Leaching
C. Ponding
D. Waterlogging

A

D. Waterlogging

84
Q

This method of irrigation is observed in the rice terraces.
A. Border Irrigation
B. Bedding Irrigation
C. Basin Irrigation
D. Furrow Irrigation

A

C. Basin Irrigation

85
Q

The higher the water pressure is in the sprinkler system, ________________________. A. The higher the efficiency of the system will be.
B. The larger the droplets from the sprinkler nozzle are.
C. The limited the sprinkler throw is.
D. The higher the discharge is.

A

D. The higher the discharge is.

86
Q

What construction procedure can reduce the effect of water hammer
through buried pipes conveying irrigation water?
A. Sand bedding
B. Proper pipe fitting
C. Reduce connections and fittings
D. Operate at a much lower pressure

A

A. Sand bedding

87
Q

Sprinkler irrigation is a versatile means of applying water to any crop, soil,
and topographic condition. Except for one, it is particularly popular in humid
regions because:
A. Pipes are easily transported and provide no obstruction to farm operations
when irrigation is not needed
B. Surface ditches and prior land preparation are necessary for its operation.
C. It is suitable for sandy soils or any other soil and topographic condition
where surface irrigation may be inefficient or expensive, or where erosion may be
particularly hazardous.
D. Low rates and amounts of water may be applied; such are required for seed
germination, frost protection, and cooling of crops in hot weather.

A

B. Surface ditches and prior land preparation are necessary for its operation.

88
Q

The type of surface drainage system suitable for flat, poorly drained soils
that have numerous shallow depressions
A. Random Ditch System
B. Interception Ditch System
C. Parallel Lateral Ditch System
D. Bedding System

A

C. Parallel Lateral Ditch System

MRII SWCE (1 decks)

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